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History WW1 Revision (Plastic Surgery (Previous practice (Done in India…
History WW1 Revision
Plastic Surgery
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New development
-Skin grafts improved.
-Jaw splints, wiring and metal plates as replacement cheeks.
-Surgeons carried out over 11000 surgery operations
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Consequences
-Surgeons had lots of experience so 7 hospitals opened as specialist in France
-1917 'The Queens Hospital' opened in Kent specialising in plastic surgery.
The Thomas Splint
New development
-Hugh Owen created Thomas Splint. Pulled leg lengthways to heal bone and reduce blood loss and it was enforced by all hospitals and used on front line.
Previous practice
-Doctors used simple, thin splints but they did not stop the broken end of the bones. This caused blood loss and death.
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Consequence
When soldiers reached Casualty Clearing Stations they were fit enough for surgery and had not lost much blood. Death 80%-20% or lower as less amputations were needed.
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Mobile X-Ray Machines
Problems in WW1
Wounded by bullets and shrapnel which were so small they were hard to locate and needed to be found to operate
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Consequence
Increased use of X-Ray machines and reduced death rate from infections as surgeons could remove all object.
Brain Surgery
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New development
-Rubber bands around the head to apply pressure and reduce bleeding.
-Most soldiers kept alive and fit enough to cope with operations as given blood transfusions and saline solutions to reduce shock.
-Surgeons developed new techniques for large amounts of head wounds.
-X Rays meant surgeons could locate and find fragments of bullets and fragments
-Harvey Cushing invented surgical magnet to remove bullets from head.
Previous practice
Very little surgery on the brain before 1914 as little known about the brain and extremely risky to operate on the brain.
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