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4 Older Users Online: WAI Guidelines Address Older Users Web Experience …
4 Older Users Online:
WAI Guidelines Address Older Users Web Experience
December 2008
Increasingly Older Population
United Nations
2050 -> 1/5 -> 60+
European Union
2000 -> 15.7% -> 64+
2010 -> 17.6% -> 64+
2020 -> 20.7% -> 64+
Japan
2005 -> 20% -> 65+
2017 -> 27% -> 65+
impairments
:check: visual
changes in contrast sensitivity and color perception
pupil shrinkage
decreasing ability to focus on near objects
loss of peripheral vision
:check: auditory
Hearing loss significantly affects an older person’s access to this type of material if alternatives are not provided.
:check: physical
Arthritis & Parkinson Disease
difficulties using a mouse and other pointing devices
:check: cognitive
dementia & Alzheimer's Disease & mild cognitive impairment (MCI) & subjective memory loss
trouble remembering the names of people they met recently
trouble remembering the flow of a conversation
an increased tendency to misplace things
:check: dual impairment
:red_cross: because age-related impairments usually develop slowly, they are often not recognized as disabilities
:red_cross:many older people do not want to acknowledge the ageing process, and deny or disguise any functional or sensory impairment
:red_flag: older people are the fastest growing demographic online
literature review
over 150 articles
topic
:check: general functional and sensory limitations
:check: recommendations for making websites more accommodating for older users
:check: how particular limitations experienced by older users impact Web use
:check: specific web design aspects, such as forms, impact older users
problem
:check: too much material on the page, making it hard to focus on relevant material
:check: advertisements and movement distracting the users from their goals
:check: hypertext navigation providing nonlinear paths through the information
:check: different layouts, navigation structures, and interaction between sites
:red_flag: content and presentation aspects of websites, such as color, contrast, and spacing, received the most emphasis in the literature
:red_flag: navigation related issues, such as broad vs. deep menu structures and the many ways in which links are portrayed, received significant emphasis
gap
:check: Hearing loss and deafness are not included in guidelines
:check: Assistive technologies or adaptive strategies that might help accommodate impairments were seldom mentioned
:red_flag: ageing-related impairments are seldom considered as disabilities
:check: guidelines are not discussed in older people situation/context
guide
:check: WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
:check: ATAG - Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines
:check: UAAG - User Agent Accessibility Guidelines
:red_flag: all of the presentation and navigation related needs identified in the literature such as contrast, text size, line spacing, and link identification were covered within WCAG 2.0
people
web designers
browsers
:star: authoring tools
solution
:check: involving users with disabilities and older users early and throughout the design and development
:check: applying WCAG 2.0 to design websites that meet the needs of older users
:check: helping older users and their trainers know how to use browsers and assistive technologies to accommodate their impairments and make web interaction easier
:check: understanding how the overlap between design for people with disabilities and design for older users strengthens the business case for web accessibility
coclusion
:check: identified significant overlap between the accessibility needs of older users and the accessibility needs of users with disabilities
:check: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 covers nearly all of the requirements of older web users
:check: a need for more research and investigation in specific areas of web access by older people, including age-related hearing loss, cognitive impairments, navigation styles and preferences, and the use of adaptive strategies for web browsing
accommodate
inexperience
diminished
practitioners
overlap
redundant
容纳
缺乏经验
减少
从业者
交叠
冗