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Bandura (Hypotheses (Children exposed to aggressive models will show…
Bandura
Hypotheses
Children exposed to aggressive models will show significantly more imitative aggressive acts resembling those of the models, than those shown non-egressive models or no models
Children exposed to non-aggressive models will show significantly less aggressive acts than those who were exposed to aggressive models or no model
Children will imitate the behaviour of a same-sex model to a greater degree than a model of the opposite sex
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Research Method
IVs
1) The behaviour of the model (aggressive model, non-aggressive model, no model)
2) The sex of the role model (male or female)
3) The sex of the child (boy or girl)
DVs
The number of imitative behaviour and aggressive acts displayed by the children in stage 3 of the study. Three measures
-imitation of physical aggression (e.g hitting bobo with mallet)
-imitative verbalcaggression (e.g "Pow!" or "Sock him in the nose
-imitative non-aggressive verbal responses (e.g "He keeps on coming back for more"
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Conclusions
Children learn aggressive behaviour through observation and imitation of adult aggression. This supports social learning theory
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Children will imitate aggressive/non-aggressive behaviours displayed by adult models, even if the model is not present
Procedure
Stage 1
The children were individually taken to a room and sat in the corner, to play with potato prints and picture stickers. The adult model went to an opposite corner where there was a tinker toy set, a mallet and a 5-foot Bobo doll
In the non aggressive condition, the model ignored the bobo doll and assembled the tinker-toys in a quiet, gentle manner
In the aggressive condition the model began assembling the tinker toy set but after 1 minute turned to bobo and was aggressive to the doll in a very stylised and distinct way. This aggressive behaviour was standardised.
Findings
The children in the aggressive model condition reproduced significantly more imitative aggressive responses than the children in the non-aggressive model condition and the control group
Children in the non-aggressive male model condition displayed less aggressive responses that the children in the aggressive model condition and the control group
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Procedure
Stage 3
Then the child was taken to the next room and told they could play with any of the toys in there. In this room there was a variety of both non-aggressive and aggressive toys. The non-aggressive toys included a tea set, crayons, three bears and farm animals. The aggressive toys included a mallet and a peg board, dart guns and a 3-foot bobo doll
The child was in this room for 20 minutes, their behaviour observed by the male model through a one way mirror. Observations were made at 5-second intervals
Findings
The female model had a confusing effect on the children, "That's not the way for a lady to behave"
The aggressive behaviour of the male model fit into a cultural stereotype of appropriate behaviour, "Al's a good soccer, he beat up Bobo"
Experimental design
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Children were matched on pre-measured levels of aggression by their teacher and the experimenter observing them in the playground using a four 5-point Likert scales (measuring physical and verbal aggression, aggression towards objects and aggressive inhibition).
Behaviours
Non-imitative behaviours:
-non-imitative physical aggression e.g punches bobo, aggressive gun play
-non-imitative verbal aggression e.g "shoot the bobo"
-non-imitative non-aggression e.g playing with doll
Imitative behaviours: -imitation of physical aggression e.g hitting bobo with mallet
-imitation of verbal aggression e.g "sock him"
-imitative non-aggressive verbal responses e.g "he sure is a tough fella"
Sample
Opportunity sample of 72 children (36 boys and 36 girls) from Stanford University Nursery School. Aged 37-69 months (3-5 years old), mean age of 52 months (41/2)
Aim
To see if children who witness an adult behaving aggressively imitate this aggressive behaviour, when given the opportunity. Even iff they see the behaviour in a different setting and the model is no longer present.
Procedure
Stage 2
All the children was subjected too mild aggression arousal. The child was took to a room with some very attractive toys, as soon as they started to play with the toys the experimenter told the child they were not allowed to play with them.