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2.5 ORGANIC MOLECULES (Proteins (Amino acids (Peptide bonds (1WM lost),…
2.5 ORGANIC MOLECULES
Proteins
Amino acids
Alpha carbon
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R group
Side chain
Peptide bonds
1WM lost
Accelerate chemical reactions
Enzymes
Structural components
3D shape <-- amino acid folding
Lipids
All hydrophobic
Triglycerol
3 fatty acids
(g) Most - even no of C
(g) One or more double bonds
Unaturated
No double bonds
Saturated
(g) Temporarily polarised
van der Waals forces
Melting points <-- lvl of saturation
Glycerol
Nonpolar
Uniformly distributed electrons
Hydrophobic
Oil droplets
Steroids
Cholesterol
4 rings
Phospholipids
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
5-carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base
Pyrimidine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
1 ring
Purine
Guanine
Adenine
2 rings
Phosphate groups
Phosphodiester bond
Sugar
Phosphate
Covalent
1WM lost
Deoxyribonucleic
Genetic material
Sugar = deoxyribose
Double helix
Complementary Purine-Pyrimidine
A=T
G=C
Hydrogen bonds
Ribonucleic acid
Protein synthesis
Gene expression
Sugar - ribose
Carbohydrates
Sugars (saccharides)
Linear
Cyclic
Most common
5-6 carbons
C6H12O6
Monosaccharides
Unbranched
Alhedyde
Aldoses
Ketone
Ketoses
Ring
Covalent bond
C in Ketone/ Alhedyde gr
Oxygen of
hydroxyl
group
Solubility in water
Flat
Glycosidic bonds
Covalent
1WM lost
C of monosaccharide and hydroxyl group by autre C
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates
C-H-O = 1-2-1
Functional groups
Polar
Reactive
Water-soluble
Nonpolar