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Cortex - Functional areas (Aphasia (Gerstmann Syndrome (:warning: Angular…
Cortex - Functional areas
Brodmann Clasification
Motor
PMC - Area 4
Premotor area 6
:warning: apraxia: disruption of the pattering and execution of learned motor movements. Lack of understanding how to organize the performance of a pattern of movements
More common after
L>R
hemisphere lesions
Frontal eye field - 8 (Voluntary contralateral horizontal gaze)
lateral aspect of the dominant hemisphere
> Broca's area (motor speech) 44, 45
Sensitive
PSSC - 3,1, 2
SS association cortex
integration w/visual, auditory system
:warning: astereognosia: inability to recognize objects by touch. L>R
Angular gyrus (written comprehension) - 39
Sensory
Vision
Visual association cortx
Visual association cortex - 17
Hearing
PAC - 41, 42 superior bank of the temporal lobe
:warning: ipsilateral lesion: slight bilateral hearing loss + decreased ability to localize sounds
Wernicke's area - 22 (Oral comprehension center)
Aphasia
Expressive Aphasia
:warning: Broca's area
single-syllable words
comprehension :check: - keenly aware/frustrated px :unamused:
posterior extension > PMC: drooping of the corner of te mouth +/- lower face ms paresis
Receptive
:warning:Wernicke
:no_entry: comprehension (spoken language)
unaware of deficit. px shows no distress :smiley:
:older_woman::skin-tone-3: > mistake their deficit for a hearing loss (which they may also have)
alexia :book:
Fluent language. Paraphasic speech "Word salad"
Gerstmann Syndrome
:warning: Angular gyrus
Alexia + agraphia :book::pen:
close to the SSAC - may also present
Dys/acalculia
Finger agnosia - inability to recognize one's fingers
Right-left disorentation
impaired object recognition without looking
unaware :smiley:
nondominant lobe: 7, 39, 40
unilateral neglect
ignore the left (most common) side of their somatosensory and visual world (Dressing, shaving. make up..)
usually transient
Ask px to bisect a line, draw numbers on a clockface
Conduction Aphasia
:warning: Arcuate fasciculus: connects all language centers
:check: comprehension and fluent speaking
many paraphrases and word-finding pauses
cannot repeat words nor execute verbal commands by an examiner (disconnect sd)
frustrated patient :frowning_face:
Disconnect Syndromes
Visual agnosia
:warning: Cone stream - Visual projections going into the temporal lobe - 20, 21 (Object and color recognition)
Prosopagnosia: inability to form associations btwn faces and indentities in the absence of visual field deficit
when the person
talks
(+ another sensory system) > recognition
:check:
Read - language centres are intact
can name and recognize objects - visual cortex intact
temporal lobe infarct
Transcortical apraxia
:warning:Corpus callosum
Disruption btwn Wernicke's center with the contralateral motor cortex
Wernicke area in the left hemisphere is able to communicate w/
left
PMC without usin CCallosum
no motor weakness
branches of ACA
Alexia without agraphia
:warning: Visual cortex and splenium of CC
Visual information from R visual cortex cannot get to wenicke area, parietal or frontal lobes
R homonymus hemianopsia with macula sparing
alexia :book:
color anomia :speaking_head_in_silhouette::red_cross::art:
Language area in communication with contralateral motor cortex
writting :check:
L visual cortex cannot process any information
total occlusion of the L PCA