Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit 3 Key Terms (Sickle cell disease (Hemoglobin (Thrombocytes (A minute…
Unit 3 Key Terms
Sickle cell disease
Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium.
Hemoglobin
A test that measures the level of hemoglobin A1c in the blood as a means of determining the average blood sugar concentrations for the preceding two to three months.
Thrombocytes
A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
Leukocytes
Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Hematocrit
The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation.
Mutation
A rare change in the genetic material, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
Hydrophobic
Having an affinity for water
Hydrophilic
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
RNA
A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.
Gene
A discrete unit of hereditary information.
Transcription
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
Translation
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids.
homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order.
Mutation
A rare change in the genetic material, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
Ribosome
A cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules and is formed by combining two subunits.
Codon
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
Chromosome
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
Domonant
A genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.
Anemia
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythrocytes
Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood.
Erythrocytes
Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood.
Autosomal
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.