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Biology 1st Semester Final (8 Characteristics of life (Reporduce, Cells,…
Biology 1st Semester Final
Metric System
4 categories of measurement
Length
Meter
Mass/ Weight
gram
Volume
Liter
Scientific Method
Controlled Experiment Rules
record only one variable (dependent)
Manipulate only one variable (independent)
Hypothesis vs. Scientific Theory
Theory is well tested, unifying explanation
Hypothesis is a suggested explanation, not well tested
What is biology?
scientific study of living organisms
8 Characteristics of life
Reporduce
Cells
Genetic Material (DNA)
Grow and develop
metabolism
response to stimuli
evolve
homeostasis
What is Homeostasis?
#
Why is it important
Keeps an organism alive
Maintaining an internal balance (body temp., water levels,
Ph levels ect.)
How to read a periodic table
How many protons an atom has (in nuclei)
Same as atomic number
Mg has 12
Gold (Au) has 79
Carbon has 6
How many neutrons
Same number as protons for a stable isotope
Lead has 82
neon has 10
Atomic number vs atomic mass
Atomic number is the amount of protons in the nucleus
Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons combined
PH Scale
acidic
lower PH
tastes sour
0-7
neutral
7
base
alkai
high PH
bitter
7-14
0-14
measures how acidic or basic a substance is
Properties of water
polar
allows for hydrogen bonding
responsible for high surface tension
like molecules attract each other
due to uneven distribution of charge
High Specific heat
most dense at 4c
HONC rule
hydrogen makes one bond
oxygen makes two bonds
nitrogen makes three bonds
carbon makes four bonds
Compounds
Inorganic
does not contain carbon atom
Organic
carbohydrates
provide energy
by breaking down fatty acids
made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
fats
protiens
nucleic acids
Contains carbon atom
and often a hydrogen atom
Characteristics of Enzymes
Lower activation energy
biological catalysts
Speed up chemical reactions
Solution vs solute vs solvent
Solution is an even mix if the solute and solvent
Solute is being dissolved
solvent is dissolving, ie. water
Bacteria's role in plants acquiring nitrogen
Nitrogen Fixation
Unit conversion
cancellation method
3in = 7.26cm
2.54cm = 1in
moving the decimal
3.08hm = 30800cm
1 hectometer = 10000 centemeters
Ecosystem
abotic factors
soil
air
temprature
rocks
water
sunlight
biotic factors
animals
predatation
competion
parisitism
Algal bloom
Aquatic Ecosystem suddenly receives a huge amount of a limiting nutrient
Fertilizer runs off into the ocean, Algae
Types of symbiotic relationships
Population growth
exponential growth
J curve
Biological magnification
Succession
Primary
From rock
First time
Secondary
From grass
second+ time
Biological Cycles
Carbon
Water
Nitrogen
