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Unit 7 (Processing (Effortful Processing (Encoding that requires attention…
Unit 7
Processing
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Automatic Processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and well-learned information, such as word meanings.
Deep Processing
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention.
Memory
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Working Memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming information, and of information retrieved from long term memory.
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Memory Issues
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Repression
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conscious anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.
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Ways to Improve Memory
Heuristics
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms.
Spacing Effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is through massed study or practice.
Mnemonics
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
Testing Effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test enhanced learning.