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PHILOSOPHY (Philosophy & Language (1) Language influences thoughts…
PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy & Language
1) Language
influences
thoughts (beliefs)
2) Beliefs
affect
language
3) Language
≠
Thoughts
Rationalism:
Knowledge in the head/mind
deductive reasoning (general :arrow_right: specific)
the
mind
is in the
head
// the
mind
is in the
body
Empirism:
Knowledge is from outside
inductive reasoning (specific :arrow_right: general)
the
mind
is outside // the
mind
is outside the
body
Philosophy & AI
consciousness/intelligence
concept of
'emergence'
proposed
:arrow_right_hook:
THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM
:leftwards_arrow_with_hook:
Attempts to address
mind-body problem
1) DUALISM
(relates to Rationalists' view)
Issue: If Body dies, then does the Mind die?
Renee Descartes
proposed theory of dualism. :check: the mind and body are
2
separate
entities
1) Non-physical entity : the
mind
2) Physical entity: the
body
WEAKNESS
in dualism: *if you believe that the mind is separate from the body & something goes wrong with the mind (e.g: schizophrenia), what do you do??
2) MATERIALISM
(relates to Empiricists' view)
Proposed by
Democritus
:check: the only thing that can be truly said to exist is
matter
:check: the mind is the brain (= body)
DIFFICULTIES
in explaining existence of psychological phenomena (thoughts, beliefs, desires, intentions, sensory experiences)
"The Chinese Room Argument"
3) PSYCHO-PHYSICAL PARALLELISM
Proposed by
Leibniz
:check: everything is living (including items) :check: everything was created by God in the universe to be in perfect harmony :check: everything was made of tiny living elements (called
monads
)
"Monads"
1) do not influence each other 2) one monad cause something, other monads display the effects of that cause
Implication:
*mind and body do not interact but they function in parallel as per God's plan
Philosophy & Neuroscience
Consciousness
*split-brain
patients - consciousness?