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Chapter 15 (Activiy theory (Key concepts Nardi 1996 (Contradictions and…
Chapter 15
Activiy theory
Why - looks at mastery of external tools, gives a language to look more closely at the relationship between individuals,context and tools.
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Define subject - person undertaking act, object- purpose of activity, tool - physical or conceptual tool used to complete activity
Engestrom extended vyskys initial theory to include environement which included three componenets - rules,community and division of labour.
Rules (informal, formal and technical pg 253 bottom def. rule norms and conventions constrain activity systmes.
Community - indidviduals or groups who share same objects defined by division of labour and shared norms and expectations.
Division of labour - how communicty is explicitly/implicity organised to acheive activity objectives can run horizontally or vertically.
3 central relationships subject- object, subject - community, community- object
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Key concepts Nardi 1996
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Motivation and consciousness - activity motivated by need to tranfrom object to outcome an dthe level of concsious thought needed by novices compared to experts.
Mediation - subjects actions will be affected by tools they use, the environemnet/communicty and the rules, and the division of labour.
History and development - all can change at any level but change always carries with it whats gone before.
Contradictions and conflict - external influences cayuse imbalances which manifest as problems , rupture, breakdowns or clashes which can be worked through to produce development
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Relationship between tools,users and context.
Spectrum, from Phillips et al 2005 overly prescriptive tools do not work for users to users are ignorant or lacking in skill.
Steyaert says its not ignorance they just need to use their fav search engine and read the information given to us ethe tool correctly.
However there is a lot of infor on what guidlines are but not many in some case no sources of info on how to use and implement the guidelines, link back to Konurs lack of case law. #
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