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Thompson (pre-print communication networks (15th-17th century, these…
Thompson
- pre-print communication networks
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network of merchants, pedlars, and travelling entertainers, such as storytellers and ballad singers
15th-17th century, these networks of communication were affected by 2 key developments
some states began to establish regular postal services which became increasingly available for general use
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more specialized courants appeared: entertainment, cultural, social, political news
political authorities sought to exercise some control over the proliferation of newspapers and periodicals by imposing special taxes (Stamp Act 1712 abolished in the 19th century)
elsewhere in Europe the periodical press of the 18th century was controlled and censored with varying degree of severity
- the development of printing
gave rise to a variety of periodical publications which reported events and conveyed information of a political and commercial character
a variety of printed information leaflets, posters and broadsheets began to appear; generally one-off or irregular publications; still, they provided individuals with a valuable source of information about current and distant events
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first 2 decades of the 17th century: regular journals of news began to appear on a weekly basis with some degree of reliability-> origins of the modern newspaper (1607 Amsterdam; 1609: several German cities)
1620: Amsterdam had become the centre of a rapidly expanding trade in news due to interest in the Thirty Years' War
most of them were concerned with foreign news-> helped create a sense of a world of events which were outside the person's immediate experience, but could potentially affect their life
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soon, newspapers began to devote more attention to domestic events; in England the crisis between Charles I and Parliament create high demand for domestic news, which was met in 1640 (1640-1660: a period in which the British press emerged as key players in the affairs of state)
the struggle for an independent press, capable of reporting and commenting on events with a minimum of state interference and control, played a key role in the development of the modern constitutional state
by the end of the 19th century freedom of the press had become a constitutional feature of many western states