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Monopoly (特色 (Price maker, P>MC=MR, No supply curve, Not the best for…
Monopoly
形成因素
障礙的存在
擁有特殊技術或知識
Monopoly resources
Diamond mines
規模經濟
Predatory pricing
商品差異
Government-created monopolies
Patent
copyright
廠商策略應用
Natural monopolies
economies of scale
低於兩個或更多的企業成本供給一種物品或勞務
Club goods
人為稀有財
共享排他
高爾夫球場
Price discrimination
特色
Price maker
P>MC=MR
No supply curve
Not the best for society
Without close substitude
Price discrimination
Ration strategy to increase profit
Raise economic welfare
Must have market power
Example
Movie tickets
Airline Prices
Discount coupons
Financial aid
Quantity discounts
Public policy
Antitrust law
Increase competition
Prevent companies from cordinating
Regulation
Common in natural monopoly
Public ownership
Government
Did a bad job
Losers are customers and taxpayer
Private owner
Minimize cost
Do nothing
