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Asch's Line Study (1951) (Procedure: (Groups of 5-7 ptps (Groups…

- - - - The real ptp always went last or second to last
        
        So they heard the others' answers before giving theirs
  - - - Confederates gave the same wrong answer
    - - Confederates gave the correct answer
- - - - By giving the same wrong answer
      - 37% of the time
  - - - Compliance
- - - - They conformed to the majority
      - Normative social influence = s/one conforms bc they want to be liked and accepted by the group
        
        Person may publicly change their b/h / views but privately disagree
        
        This type of social influence tends to involve compliance
- - - - Standardised procedure
        
        Therefore findings can be replicated
    - - No ambiguity in task
        
        Therefore he was measuring conformity not ppl's ability to perceive small differences in length
  - - - Based on ppl's perception of lines
        
        Doesn't reflect complexity of irl conformity
    - - All ptps men
        
        Gender bias
        
        Cannot apply to females
    - - Ptps deceived
        
        Thought it was a visual perception test
      - Contradicting studies
        
        Bogdanoff et al (1961)
        
        Found that ptps in an Asch-type study had increased levels of autonomic arousal
        
        Linked to stress
        
        Suggesting they were in a conflict situation
        
        Possibly causing psychological harm
        
        Spencer (1980, 1981)
        
        Found that engineering students were much less compliant
        
        Conformity was much lower
        
        Could be bc they had more confidence in making exact judgements and a more critical outlook
- - - - 3+ confederates = ptp conformed
      - 3 enough to create peer pressure
  - - - S/times would say the right answer
        
        Conformity dropped to 5%
      - S/times would say the wrong answer
        
        Conformity dropped to 9%
      - Ending the groups unanimity
  - - - Conformity increased
        
        Informational social influence
        
        Ptps look to the confederates for support