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Tectonic Processes and Hazards (1.2 There are theoretical frameworks that…
Tectonic Processes and Hazards
1.2 There are theoretical frameworks that attempt to explain plate movements
A)
Plate tectonics theory
Earth's internal structure
Mantle convection
Palaeomagnetism
Plate movements
Subduction
Slab pull
Sea floor spreading
B)
A) Processes
Plate margins
Destructive
Constructive
Collision Zone
Transform
C)
Physical Processes impact:
Magnitude of volcanic eruption
Earthquake magntiude
Focal depth (Benioff Depth)
Type of volcanic eruption
1.1 The Global Distribution of tectonic hazards can be explained by plate boundary and other tectonic processes.
A)
Global distribution of:
Earthquakes
Volcanic Eruption
Tsunami's
B)
Distribution of plate boundaries
Divergent
Oceanic
Convergent
Continental
Conservative
Combined
C)
Intra-plate earthquakes
Volcanoes
Associated with hotspots from mantle plumes
1.4 Disaster occurrence can be explained by the relationship between hazards, vulnerability, resilience and disaster
A)
Disaster
A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life. (When a hazard seriously affects the population)
Hazard risk equation
Risk = Hazard * Vulnerability / Capability to cope (ability of the population to cope with the consequences
Vulnerability - How susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard
Risk = The likelihood that the population will be seriously affected
Natural Hazard
A danger or risk; before disaster
Natural hazards are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity)
Community Threshold For Resillience
B)
Pressure And Release Model
Complex inter-relationships between hazard and its wider context
C)
Social and economic impacts of tectonic hazards (volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis) on the people, economy and environment of contrasting locations in the
developed, emerging and developing world.
1.3 Physical processes explain the causes of tectonic hazards
A)
Earthquake waves
P Waves
S Waves
L Waves
Crustal Fracturing
Ground shaking
Secondary hazards
Liquefaction
Landslides
B)
C)