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Hardware and operating systems (Computer network : A computer network is…
Hardware and operating
systems
1.Computer language and function: When we communicate or memorise a sentence or make calculations.we use a lot of different symbols, sounds and imagens. computers only use the numbers 0 and 1
This is known as the binary system.
ASCII: ASCII (the American Standard code for lnfomation interchange) uses 7 bits to store up to 128 different characters
1.1. Computer functions
storing data in the storage devices.
Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU) using the
microprocessor and the memory.
Output of data using peripheral devices
Input of data using peripheral devices.
2.computer elements
2.1. Microprocessor
Today's microprocesor can process 64 bits at a time
A microprocessor's power also depends on its cache memory and the speed at which it communicates with the RAM.
The clock rate sets the pace at whith processes are completed The clock continuously generates electricall impulses
Ever time the microprocessor recives an impulse . it carries out an operation. A 4 GHz microprocessor recives 4 billion impulses everysecond
2.2. Memory and units of storage
Cache memory: RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor; the cache memory.
ROM BIOS: When you turn on your computer, it automatically check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read only memory: the ROM BIO
RAM: the computer´s main memory is its RAM
Storage devices: The RAM stores data temporarily. When you turn of the computer, this data disappears.
we use data storage units to permanently save this data
Magnetic disks
Optical discs
Solid-state memory
2.3 Motherboard and connecting devices: Inside the computer you' ll find a large board; we caIl it the motherboard. All the other components of the cornpurter are connected to it
the IDF (integrated device electronics) connectors
connect the hard disk,
the chipset is a number
Slots that can be used to expland or add new components
various Input / output ports
Connecting external devices
physicagy connect
sound card
hard disk
external ports
3.Software and operating systems
operating system:Manages the system resources
Applications.
spreadsheets
Presentations
word processors
Database management tools
Drawing programs
Antivirus software...
Programing Ianguages.These programs can be used to create
other programs and application
The operating system: The operating system is the first thing that appears when you turn on
your computer and the last thing, you see when you're turning it on
Functions of the operating system
Manages the memory and storage systems
Provides an interface working environmen
manages the microprocesso
communication between applications and peripheral
devices
4.Windows operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs: If you buv the program from a shop, it will be one or more CDs or DVDs
Hard disk maintenance
Defragmenting the hard disk.
Detecting and repairing errors
Cleaning the hard disk
Saving power: It's especially important to select the right power options for laptops.
System updates: the operating svstems are constantlv being updated.
Linux operating system: In this section we'II learn how to install programs and to keep our operating system updated
Installing and uninstalling programs
Añadir y quitar in the Aplicacioes menu
Synaptic pac'kage management program
Computer network : A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information
metropolitan area network
wide area networks
local area networks or LANs
6.1 Elements in a network
hub
switch
adaptor in a network card
transmission medium
6.2 Wireless networks:wireless networks. known as WLANs use electromagnetic waves to transmit data All computers need tu have a wireless network card.
6.3 Shared Internet access
using a router
using Internet Connection Sharing
Sharing resources in Windows
Sharing a printer
Selec the network printer through the application you are using
Make the printer the default printer
Sharing files and folders
Sharing resources in Linux
Sharing a printer
Sharing folders
Sharing a computer
