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Unit 9: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Theories of Counselling…
Unit 9: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic
Theories of Counselling
Adlerian counselling
View of human nature
People motivated by
Social Interest
Feel connected to society,
Consider themselves to be a part of society,
Need to feel they contribute to social good
Inferiority complex
Superiority complex
Birth order
Family environment (first 5 yrs)
Conscious aspects of behavior
Role of counsellor
Diagnostician, teacher and model
Determine why CL thinks and behaves in certain way
Gathers info on family constellation + earliest memories
Encourage CL to change faulty lifestyle by developing social interest
Goals
Help CL change faulty lifestyle (self-centered, wrong goals and inaccurate assumptions linked to feelings of inferiority)
Help CL Develop healthy + holistic lifestyle
Educate or re-educate CL re what such lifestyle are
Help CL overcome Inferiority complex
Techniques
Confrontation
Asking “the Q”: (what'be different if were well)
Encouragement
Acting “as if” (are person they want to be)
Catching oneself (self-destructive behavior + thoughts)
Task setting (short-range goals)
Push button (can choose what positive or negative exp. to remember)
Limitations
View of human nature too optimistic (social coop. + interest)
Limited if CL not intellectually smart
(needs high verbal ability, logic and insight)
Strengths
Positives techniques encourage equalitarian atmosphere
Can be used for people of all ages
Founder
Alfred Adler
Individual counselling
Client is indivisible whole
Theory
Important
because:
Impacts conceptualization of CL communication
Impacts development of interpersonal relationships
Impacts how CCC view themselves as professionals
Explains what happens in a CC relationship
Provides framework within which CCC can operate
Helps CCC predict, evaluate, improve results
Definition
Model used as a guide by CCC when
thinking about how to solve problems.
Allow CCC to structure clinical data.
Give guidance re what interventions to make
5 criteria
for a good
theory:
1- Clear, easily understood, and communicable
2- Comprehensive
3- Explicit and heuristic
4- Specific in relating means to desired outcomes
5- Useful to its intended practitioners
Eclecticism
1st level:
Syncretism
Putting together unrelated
clinical concepts in unsystematic way
2nd level:
Traditional
Eclecticism
Mixing compatible features from
different theories in harmonious way
3rd level:
Theoretical
Integrationism
CCC must master minimum of 2 theories
before can make combinations
4th level:
Technical
Eclecticism
Using variety of techniques that
come from different theories,
without agreeing with
whole theories behind them
ex: Arnold Lazarus:
multidimensional approach to CC
7 elements of CL experience:
BASIC ID
B = Behavior
A = Affect
S = Sensations
I = Imagery
C = Cognitions
I = Interpersonal relationships
D = Drugs
5th type:
Transtheoretical
Model
(TTM)
Developmentally based model.
Alternative to Technical Eclecticism
(so inclusive that various components
are poorly held together)
5 stages of change + 5 levels of change
Style-shifting counselling
Jungian counselling
View of human nature
Positive view of human nature:
people can make positive diff in world
2 kinds of
unconscious:
Personal unconscious
Same as freud’s
unconscious mind
Collective unconscious
Common to mankind:
incl. archetypes, myths, and symbols
Archetype = universal, mythic characters
in collective unconscious of people around world
Personality types
Introvert
Get energy by turning inward
Internal thoughts, feelings and moods
Extrovert
Get energy by turning outward
Outgoing, talkative and friendly
External stimulation
Synchronicity
Role of the counsellor
Help CL reveal their archetypes and
other important symbols using:
dream work,
free association,
and active imagination
to make the unconscious conscious
Help CL integrate + accept all aspects of self
Goals
Bring conscious and unconscious into state of balance
Help CL individuate
(become whole by becoming conscious of unconscious images)
Techniques
To bring forward images from the unconscious mind:
1- Explication: interpreting meaning behind uncovered unconscious material
2- Amplification: looking beyond uncovered unconscious
material by comparing it to similar objects
3- Active imagination: experiencing unconscious by bringing images forward and engaging in conversation with these images
Strengths
Includes mystical + spiritual components, so popular with religiously inclined people
First theory to introduce the concept of introversion and extraversion in personality types
Limitations
Idea of archetype inside of us from time of birth is not scientific
Jungian analysis can last several years: long and costly.
Founder: Carl Jung
Analytical psychology