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Ch. 1 Communication: What and Why (Types of Communication…

- - - - Studer's coach giving positive feedback made him enjoy soccer
      - Friend complimenting appearance: you think about others' judgement of your appearance, how you feel about your looks, friend's honesty & interactions with friend = all affect outcome of communication
    - - Interdisciplinary Heritage
      - Field and Activity
      - Humanity and Social Science
      - Natural and Professional Communication
      - Communication and Communications
    - - Attractive & people attracted, leader & followers, "loving person" and appreciation of person
    - - Symbol: An arbitrary sign used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible
        
        Linguistics: Letters and words are symbols
        
        Work uniform made student feel worthwhile
  - - - Linear communication model: A characteristic of communication as a one-way event in which a message flows from sender to sender
        
        Sender encodes idea into message
        
        Message is conveyed to receiver
        
        Receiver decodes ideas
        
        Decoding: The process in which a receiver attaches meaning to a message
        
        Receiver: One who notices and attends to a message
        
        Sender: The originator of a message
        
        Encoding: The process of putting thoughts into symbols, most commonly words
        
        Message: A sender's planned and unplanned words and nonverbal behaviors
      - Channel: The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
        
        Face-to-face contact
        
        Writing
      - Mediated communication: Communication sent via a medium other than face-to-face interaction, e.g., telephone, e-mail, and instant messaging. It can be both mass and personal.
      - Noise: External, physiological, and psychological distractions that interfere with the accurate transmission and reception of a message.
        
        External noise (aka physical noise): Includes factors outside the receiver that make hearing difficult, as well as many other kinds of distractions
        
        Too much cigarette smoke in crowded room
        
        Sitting in rear of auditorium - can't hear speaker as well
        
        Psychological noise: Refers to forces within a communicator that interfere with the ability to express or understand a message accurately
        
        Fisher exaggerating size and number of fish caught to convince self and others of talents
        
        Failed test: you may be unable/unwilling to understand where you went wrong
        
        Physiological noise: Involves biological factors in the receiver or sender that interfere with accurate reception (ex. illness, fatigue, etc.)
      - Environment: Both the physical setting in which communication occurs and the personal perspectives of the parties involved
        
        Ethnic group
        
        Economic status
        
        One party is rushed for time and other is not
        
        Experience in life, age
        
        Passion vs indifference
        
        Work status
    - - Transactional communication model: A characterization of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages in an ongoing, irreversible process
        
        Friend yawning when you describe romantic problems
        
        New acquaintance blushing when you tell "raunchy" joke
      - Feedback: The discernible response of a receiver to a sender's message
        
        Oral
        
        Asking instructor questions about upcoming test
- - - - Richness: A term used to describe the abundance of non-verbal cues that add clarity to a verbal message
    - - Synchronous communication: Communication that occurs in real time
      - Asynchronous communication: Communication that occurs when there's a time gap between when a message is sent and when it is received
  - - - Disinhibition: The tendency to transmit messages without considering their consequences
      - Flaming: Sending angry and/or insulting emails, text messages, and website postings
- - - - Self-monitoring: The process of paying close attention to one's behavior and using these observations to shape the way one behaves
- - - - Coordination: Interaction in which participants interact smoothly, with a high degree of satisfaction but without necessarily understanding one another well