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Organic Molecules (Carbs (Examples: (Glycogen (Stored in the liver),…
Organic Molecules
Carbs
Function
1st source of energy: 4 calories per gram
Structure/ Support: Cell wall in plants (Cellulose) and cell wall in fungus (Chitin)
Structure
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Polymer
Polysaccharide
Name
Ends in -ose
Examples:
Glycogen
Stored in the liver
Cellulose
Plant cell walls
Glucose
Broken down in glycolysis and made in photosynthesis
Sucrose
Lactose
Chitin
Fungal cell wall
Deoxyribose
Back in DNA
Ribose
Backbone in RNA
Starch
Stored in plant roots
Lipids
Function
2nd source of energy: (Stored energy) 9 calories per gram
Cushions organs
Insulates the body
Signals through hormones
Structure
Monomer
Glycerol
Fatty acid
Polymer
Fats
Waxes
Oils
Steroids
Cholesterol
Name
-ol ending
Examples
Cholesterol
Steroids
common names that are listed with polymers
Phospholipid bilayer
Found in cell membranes and helps with cell transport
Proteins
Function
Contractile proteins
Assists with movement
Muscles
Structural proteins
Keratin
Provides structure, support and protection
Enzymatic proteins
Lowers activation energy
Speeds up a chemical reaction
Catalase
Signaling proteins
Receptor proteins
sends and receive signals in the cell
Checkpoints of cell division
Transport protiens
Carries molecules throughout the cell
Hemaglobin
3rd source of energy- 4 calories per gram
Structure
Name
Ends in -ase
Monomer
Amino Acid
Polymer
Proteins
Enzymes
Examples
Catalase
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide in the liver
DNA polymerase
Makes complimentary DNA during DNA replication
RNA Polymerase
Makes mRNA during transcription
Helicase
Unzips DNA in DNA replication and transcription
Keratin
In fingernails and hair
Hemaglobin
Carries oxygen in blood
Nucleic acids
Function
Genetic Information Storage
Structure
Monomer
Nucleotide
Polymer
DNA
RNA
Examples
DNA
RNA
