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Neuropharmacology (Neurotransmitters (Peptides (families (Gastrins,…

- - - - AMPA
        
        Fast transmission
        
        NA influx
      - Kainate
        
        Fast transmission
        
        Na influx
      - NMDA
        
        Delayed transmission
        
        Na+ & Ca2+ influx
      - Metabotropic
        
        Slow transmission
        
        2nd messengers
    - - Pain - wind-up, LTP in spinal cord
      - Memory - LTP etc in hippocampus
      - Epilepsy - forebrain
      - developments - neuronal contacts
      - Cell death - excessive activation of glutamate receptors NMDA -> influx of calcium - osmotic pressure - acitvation of enzymes - NO - free radical - death
  - - - Receptors
        
        Gaba-A R
        
        fast transmission
        
        Cl channel
        
        GABA-B R
        
        slow transmission
      - effects
        
        Sleep
        
        Anxiety
        
        Epilepsy
        
        muscle relaxation
        
        disinhibition
        
        if it inhibits other inhibitory system
  - - - nicotinic
        
        are different in CNS then in the PNS but we dont have drugs that can select between them
        
        excitatory
      - muscarinic
        
        excitatory
        
        inhibitory
        
        slow transmission
    - - Alzherimers disease
  - - - involved in
        
        pain
        
        migraine
        
        anxiety
        
        depression
        
        hallucinations
        
        fear
        
        temperaturs
        
        anorexia
        
        attention
      - Indoleamine
      - Tryptophan-derrived
    - - involved in
        
        motor control
        
        dependence
        
        reward system
        
        nausea
        
        psychosis
      - pathways
        
        ventrotegmental area
        
        substantia nigra
      - Catecholamine
      - Tyrosine-derrived
    - - receptors
        
        A2
        
        slow transmission
      - involved in
        
        mood
        
        sleep-wake cycle
        
        stress
        
        autonomic control
      - Catecholamine
      - Tyrosine-derrived
    - - exception: 5HT3 - fast ionotropic
  - - - excitatory
      - receptor
        
        Neurokinin 1
        
        slow transmission
    - - inhibitory
      - Enkephalins
      - Morphine
      - pain sensation heavily influence the psychology
      - Endorphin
    - - processing en route
      - slow transmission
    - - enzyme breakdown after transmission
    - - Glutamate - Sub P
      - NA - NPY
      - DA - CCK
    - - Gastrins
      - Insulins
      - NPYs
      - Opioids
      - Secretins
      - Tachykinins
  - - - A1
        
        slow transmission
- - - - receptor antagonism
  - - - increase NT function
        
        add precursor
        
        block uptake
        
        block metabolism
        
        receptor activation - agonists
- - - - alter NT release
      - Heteroreceptors
        
        presynaptic terminal activity
        modulated by other NTs
      - Autoreceptors
        
        have an effect on the same terminal
        from which they were released
    - - alter cell activity