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UNIT 7 (FORGETTING (MEMORY CONSTRUCTION ERRORS (MISINFORMATION EFFECT:…
UNIT 7
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INFORMATION PROCESSING
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ENCODING
EXPLICIT MEMORIES- effortful processing. Some strategies include: mnemonics, chunking, hierarchies, spacing effect, ad¡nd testing effect. FRONTAL LOBES AND HIPPOCAMPUS ARE INVOLVED.
IMPLICIT MEMORIES- automatic processing (skills and learned associations, Space, Time, and Frequency) CEREBELLUM AND BASAL GANGLIA ARE INVOLVED
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RETRIEVAL
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PRIMING- activation, often unconscious, of associations
CONTEXT-DEPENDENT MEMORY- better remembering in the same context i.e. the same place, etc.
STATE-DEPENDENT MEMORY- and MOOD CONGRUENT MEMORY- tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with mood/state of consciousness
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CREATIVITY
5 FACTORS
- Expertise (basic knowledge = building blocks)
- Imaginative Thinking Skills (connecting the dots)
- Venturesome Personality (ambiguity vs. clarity)
- Intrinsic Motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic)
- Environment (support, encouragement, space and time to think, etc.)
MENTAL ACTIVITIES
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PROTOTYPE= best example of a category ex. a penguin is not the best example of a bird, because other birds are somehow birdier?
CONVERGENT THINKING = narrows a problem to determine one best solution (IQ Tests)
DIVERGENT THINKING = expands problem for multiple creative solutions
PROBLEMS/DECISIONS
PROBLEM SOLVING
ALGORITHM = methodical, logical procedure
HEURISTIC = simple, faster and more error-prone, rule of thumb
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