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Unit 3 key terms (Sickle cell disease (A group of disorders that cause red…
Unit 3 key terms
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Leukocytes
a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white blood cell.
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Translation
is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
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Amino acids
organic compounds containing amine and carboxyl functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid
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RNA
a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes
Ribosomes
a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis. It also links all of the proteins together
Hydrophilic
having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water
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Mutation
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
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Meiosis
specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them
homologous chromosomes
chromosome with the same gene sequence as another. Supplement. In a biological cell, a chromosome pairs with another chromosome during meiosis. This pairing (synapsis) happens between two chromosomes that are homologous
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Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
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Phenotype
the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior.
Dominant
those that are expressed or seen when a heterozygous genotype is present. Heterozygous just means having two different alleles for a gene. One is usually dominant while one is recessive. Remember, recessive alleles are masked by dominant alleles.
Recessive
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents
Autosomal
a term used in genetic genealogy to describe DNA which is inherited from the autosomal chromosomes. An autosome is any of the numbered
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Pedigrees
the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family.
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