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Mindfulness (Jha et al., 2007 (ANT, 3 groups twice, group 1: experienced…
Mindfulness
Jha et al., 2007
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found: group 1 best at T1, no improvement at T2 and MBSR does not improve EF
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Zeidan et al., 2013: therapeutic potential of mindfulness training
meditation related anxiety relief associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior insula
meditation related activation in these regions exibit strong relationsgip to anxiety relif compared to attention to the breath
during meditation, those who exhibited greater default related activity (ie PCC) reported greater anxiety, possibly reflecting on inability to control self referential thoughts
consistent with mindfulness meditation reducing anxiety through mechanisms involved in the regulation of self referential thought processes
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Jensen et al., 2012: MBSR shows... (compared to increased attentional effort)
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increased WM capacity
Mrazek et al., 2013: MBSR group do not show improvements in WM
Morrison et al., 2014
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SART measured on accuracy, RT variability and off task thinking
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Di Francesco et al., 2016: behavioural correlates of trait mindfulness
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induviduals higher in act with awareness facet showed slower response times when executive system was involved
2-types of mindfulness
concentrative mindfulness (or focused attention mindfulness) has an object (eg breathing) and is supposed to be developed in early stages
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Lu et al., 2014: neural correlates of trait mindfulness
individuals more mindful of the present had greater GM volume in the right hippocampus/amygdala and bilateral ACC, but less GM volume in bilateral PCC and the left orbitofrontal cortex
results suggest that trait mindfulness is associated with brain regions involved in executive attention, emotion regulation and self referential processing
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Baer et al., 2006: five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ)
observe, describe, awareness, non judge, nonreact
Kabat-Zinn et al., (1994) definiton: paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgementally
Tang et al., 2007: used ANT and found MBSR improves EF but has no affect on alerting
Baijal et al., 2011: ANT on adolescents in India, meditation improves EF and sustained attention