Solids, Liquids, and Gasses

Density

Mass per unit volume

Density = mass/volume

kg/m3 or g/cm3

Least dense = rise

Most dense = sink

Pressure

Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

Pressure = force / area

Reduce pressure

Heat (a gas) move faster and have more kinetic energy

Smaller container

pressure x volume = constant

P1 V1 = P2 V2

Pressure in a liquid acts in all directions

States

Increase in temperature is the increase in heat energy

Particle uses energy to change the bonds between them as they change state

cooling curve

Changing state

Boiling = particles have enough energy to overcome their attraction to each other resulting bubbles of gas

Melting = forces between the particles are overcome and begin to move around

Solids = strong forces of attraction hold the particles together in a fixed arrangement. Only vibrate

Liquids = weaker forces of attraction. The particles close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements. Have more energy

Gases = Almost no forces of attraction. Have more energy. Free to move and travel in random directions at high speeds.