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CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST (Nasser and Egypt (3 important events (Raids…
CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST
British withdrawl
Consequences
growing anti-antisemitism going back centuries
1917 - Balfour declaration
Arthur Balfour - British politician sympathetic for zionism
3 conflicting policies - 1. Arab independance once Turks defeated 2.supporting idea for Jewish homeland in Middle East 3. agree with France to partition Turkish Empire
Importance
sought out to declare the state of Israel & brought out the first Arab-Israeli war
UN resolution 181 - partition of Palestine into 2 states - Jewish & Arab
most Jews allocated in Jewish land but some in Arab allocated area
Jewish area 56% of Palestine - Arabs 43%
Jerusalem & Bethlehem - international zone
Jews accepted, Arabs rejected but plan was voted 33 to 13 on 29th November 1947
3 important events
Zionist movement
Jewish movement which emerged in late 19th century
had the main aim of creating a Jewish state in the territory defined as the historic land of Israel until 1948
Baron Rothschild - leader of Jews in Britain
1946 - Bombing of King David hotel
Irgun Jewish terrorist group pretended to be Arabs & warned hotel ignored warning and it was bombed - 91 dead - 46 injured
summer 1947 - 2 British Soldiers Hung by Irgun
Irgun, Jewish terrorists, hung two British soldiers from trees
pictures of the soldiers being hung were published in British newspapers
British public were shocked
agreed in 1947 and set for 14th May 1948
Creation of Israel
Consequence
led to each side having to fight for Palestine
Meant both sides were prepared to fight for Israel (Jews more so)
Arabs rejected the notion of a new state of Israel
Importance
David Ben-Gurion - 1st Prime Minister of Israel
Jews already had miltary forces such as Irgun & the Haganah
Jews ordered weapons from Czechoslovakia
Arabs could bring in neighbouring armaments from neighbouring Arab states
3 important events
British withdrawal - cause
led to Jewish declaration of independence 14th May 1948
Battle 30th Nov 1947 for Arab-held territory in two by Jews by getting control of road from Jaffa to Jerusalem
April 1948 - Irgun massacred inhabitants of Deir Yassin
1948 -1949 war
Consequences
Loss of homes - Palestinian Arabs had to leave their homes because they where driven out by Israelis - over 10,000 had to leave
the IDF was created
conscription for everyone - had 100,000 soldiers
defeated much larger armies
other armed groups where disbanded
had bad relations with Egypt - wanted revenge as Egypt now had restricted use of armed forces
Narrative/3 important events
May - June
Egyptian army crossed border in the south and attacked Israeli settlements whilst in the north Syria, Iraq and Lebanese troops crossed the border. the Israelis gained control of West Jerusalem without big struggle
the UN ambassador - Count Bernadotte from Sweden came up with a peace plan and was assassinated by the Stern Gang (Israeli extremists)
14th May 1948 British officially left Palestine & David Ben-Gurion officially declared the new state of Israel
Importance
Arabs weakened by their lack of training and lack of sophisticated weapons
Arab success: Took the first offence with the help of neighbouring countries
Israeli success: Battle of Jerusalem Israelis gained control of West Jerusalem without a big struggle
Nasser and Egypt
3 important events
Raids on Israel from Palestinian fedayeen. they stole farm equipment, carried out massacres on Israelis and layed mines.
1953 - Israel set up Unit 101, designed to respond to fedayeen infiltrations. In it's 5 month existence it carried out a massacre on the night of 14th-15th October 1953, in Jordinian village of Qibya and doing raids in Egypt and Jordan
late 1954 onwards, Egyptian government launched larger scale fedayeen operations including new fedayeen groups in Gaza and the north-eastern Sinai
Egypt wanted revenge after first Arab-Israeli war
Armistice agreement restricted Egypt's use of of regular armed forces in the Gaza Strip and the activities of the Palestinian fedayeen
many Egyptians blamed their government & King Farouk for the weaknesses of Egypt
Army blamed King Farouk for their defeat by the Israelis in 1949 and a group of young officers, the 'Free Officers' planned to overthrow the government
there were 300,000 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, mostly refugees who fled their homes from 1947-1949 and planned to return
consequences - UN Security Council condemned fedayeen for their raids
Nasser was the president of Egypt
Nasser initially aimed to remove any British influence from Egypt but this lead to the Suez crisis of 1956
Nasser resented western influence on the Arab world included the Baghdad Pact in 1954-56
Nasser increased his influence in the middle east through the Arab world's biggest radio station, Voice of The Arabs to try and unite Arab states
