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The Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569-1572 (events (1569-1572 Revolt of…
The Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569-1572
events
1561 Mary Queen of Scots return to Scotland
1565 Mary Queen of Scots marriage to Lord Darnley
1566 birth of James VI
1566 death of Darnley
marriage to Bothwell
:star: 1568 Mary Queen of Scots flees to England
1566 start of the 80 Years War
1572 Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve
1580 England goes to war with Spain
1588 Spanish Armada
1567 Spanish troops suppress Dutch Protestant revolt
1584 assassination of William of Orange
:star: :green_cross: 1572 execution of Norfolk & Northumberland
:star: 1586 Babington Plot
:green_cross: 1587 execution of Mary Queen of Scots
1569-1572 Revolt of the Northern Earls
Government response
13 Nov. Sussex begins to raise royal forces
:green_cross:
10 000 men
local office given to loyal Protestants
Sir John Forster
Hunsdon
local officials in constant communication & relayed information to central government
:green_cross: effective government response with popular support / loyalty
9 Nov. rebels begin to mass at Brancepeth Castle
abt 6000 joined in the end
:green_cross: fewer than expected- lack of popular support
#
:star: Capture of Durham
tore down all signs of Protestantism
restored Mass
:check: successful anti-Protestant movement
:star: siege of Barnard Castle
5000 rebels
inadequate food supplies
:green_cross: lack of coordination in leadership
:green_cross: disagreements about aims & methods
lasted 11 days
:star: plot to free Mary Queen of Scots & marry her to Norfolk
:green_cross: didn't make it to Tutbury- only as far as Bramham Moor
foreign powers
:silhouette: Earl of Moray prevented support in Scotland
1570 assassinated
:silhouette: Philip of Spain didn't want to become involved with Mary Queen of Scots
:silhouette: Dacre's brief rising
1558 William Cecil appointed Secretary to the Queen
effects
religious
:star:
1570 Regnans in Excelsis
fear of Protestant persecution
:green_cross: anti-Catholic paranoia
no war with France or the Netherlands
:star: more vigorous enforcement of
the Act of Uniformity
"church papists" :arrow_right: "recusants"
political
1572 William Cecil appointed Lord Treasurer
:check: success for Cecil-opposing faction
#
1573-1590 Francis Walsingham as secretary
:green_cross: like Cecil, but WORSE (better)
1572 Council in the North reorganised
:green_cross: confiscation of rebels' lands
Scottish border raids
LONG-TERM... King James VI and the establishment of the British Isles
execution of 8 rebel ringleaders
ordered execution over 700 rebels
in fact, only approx. 450/700 executed due to efforts of Bowes and Sussex
causes
religious discontent
1559 Religious Settlement
Catholic discontent
former Marian clergy
increased importance of Seminary Priests and Jesuits in developing a minority of personal Catholicism
:star: "Church papists"
North of England more religiously conservative- missionary effort barely stretched the distance
Pilkington as Bishop of Durham
in the 1560s, approx. 75% of leading families in the North were practicing Catholics
regional discontent
#
Positions of local government swapped for Protestant outsiders by Elizabeth
:silhouette: 1568
Lord Hunsdon
appointed Warden of the East March
:silhouette:
Sir John Forste
r rival to Earl of Northumberland & replaced him as Warden of the Middle March
:silhouette: 1568 Thomas Radcliffe,
Earl of Sussex
, appointed president of Council in the North
personal vendetta
:star: Northumberland and Westmorland lost money from lost government position
#
Northumberland prevented claiming compensation for copper mines on his land
1568 Westmorland forced to borrow money from Sir George Bowes
political
:star: Cecil-opposing faction at court
:silhouette: Earl of Westmorland
:silhouette: Earl of Northumberland
:silhouette: Sir William Cecil
Secretary to the Crown; lots of power
perceived need to establish a successor to the crown
#
:star:
1566 start of the 80 years war with Spain
#
Elizabeth seen as a :pencil2: politique
one of a group of French moderates in the 16th century religious conflicts holding national unity of greater importance than the absolute predominance of a single sect and advocating religious toleration as the policy of the government
:star: 1586 arrival of Mary Queen of Scots
claim to English throne
Catholic
Elizabeth considered illegitimate by Catholic Church
1570 Regnans in Excelsis
able & willing to bear children
:silhouette: James VI
can be controlled through a Protestant marriage
:silhouette: Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart)
