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Chapter 2- The recovery of Weimar (The League of Nations (Sep 1926 -…
Chapter 2- The recovery of Weimar
The Dawes Plan
Stresseman realised that Germany couldn't afford reparations
Persuaded the British, French and Americans to change the payments through the Dawes plan
Agreed in Aug 1924
Came into effect in September 1924
Main points of the plan:
Reps payments begin at 1 billion marks - first year - over 4 years would increase to 2.5 billion marks per year
1925- Ruhr area evacuated by Allied occupation troops
German Reichsbank - reorganised under Allied supervision
USA would give loans to Germany to aid its economic recovery
The Young Plan
Criticised by right wing politicians such as Hitler and Hugenburg
The League of Nations
Enabled the Locarno Pact - Germany had to become part of the League of Nations
International organisation established in 1920 to try and maintain peace
Sep 1926 - Germany given permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations
Germany joined under Gustav Stressemann
Hitler left in 1933 - and was therefore not tied to the peaceful responsibilities of its members e.g. demilitarisation
The Locarno Pact
1925 - Germany signed the Locarno Pact with Britain, France, Belgium and Italy
Marked Germany's return to the European international scene
'Locarno Honeymoon' - period of co-operation between Germany, France and Britain
The Kellog-Briand Pact
1928 - Germany signed this along with 64 other nations
The Pact showed more improvement between USA and the leading European nations - confirmed that Germany was one of them
Wages
1928 - increase in real wages
over 10% - meant that Germany had some of the best paid workers in Europe
Little benefit to middle class - many had been bankrupt by hyperinflation in 1923
Housing
1924 to 1931 - more than 2 million homes built
almost 200,000 more were renovated or expanded
1928 - homelessness reduced by more than 60%
Unemployment insurance
1880s - Otto Von Bismarck introduced insurance schemes
Weimar Republic extended this in 1927 with the Unemployment Insurance Law
Provided benefits and assistance to war veterans, wives and dependents of the war, single mothers and the disabled
The position of women
1919 - women over 20 were given the vote - took more interest in politics
Weimar Constitution introduced equality in education and equal pay in the professions
German women had some of the most advanced legal rights in any European country
By 1933 there were 100,000 female teachers and 3,000 female doctors
Women enjoyed more freedom socially than before the Weimar Republic
Cultural changes
1920s - Berlin challenged Paris as the cultural capital of Europe
painting, the cinema, architecture, literature and theatre
Fritz Lang - produced film called Metropolis - generally acclaimed as the most technically advanced film of the decade
released in 1927, sci-fi
Weimar artists believed that art should comment on the society of the time