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1b) Atoms (reaction with lead nitrate & potassium nitrate (apparatus…
1b) Atoms
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separation of mixtures
filtration
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materials - residue, filter paper, filter, conical flask, filtrate
type of mixture - solid, liquid mixture
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simple distillation
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how it works - 1 liquid to collect. you boil off the liquid, you condense it and condense it
materials - thermometer, beaker, condenser, flask, heat, water, clamp
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fractional distillation
materials - thermometer, fractionating column, flask, heat, beaker, condenser
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-both fractional & simple distillation use a Liebig Condenser which is used for condensing vapours that pass the centre tube. it is cooled by water passing through the outer tube in the opposite direction.
-the water enters the condenser at the top and leaves at the bottom because if the water entered at the top then less water would be present. The condenser fills more if the water comes in at the bottom
crystallisation
materials- solution, crystallising dish, crystals forming as water evaporates
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how it works - as we reduce the amount of water from the solution the solid particles begin to form solid crystals
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examples - 1. copper sulphate crystals from copper sulphate solution 2. salt water
diffusion experiments
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diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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differences between elements, compounds & mixtures
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mixtures
different elements and/or compounds simply mixed together and not chemically joined e.g. salt, water, air
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molecule = two or more elements chemically join together to form a larger particle called a molecule
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