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Emigration: Philippines & Hong Kong (IMPACTS ON HONG KONG (Massive…
Emigration: Philippines & Hong Kong
PUSH FACTORS
Lack of financial opportunities/income disparities
Uneducated/few job options
Families to support
Poverty
PULL FACTORS
Able to support their families
Job opportunities
Higher wages
High demand for FDHs (more recently for the elderly in particular)
Live-in requirement in HK provides housing
Hong Kong is an MEDC and a relatively wealthy country despite its high poverty rates
IMPACTS ON PHILIPPINES
Philippines does not provide adequate support for it's migrant population -- in particular the FDHs
One of the biggest human traffickers in South East Asia
Brain drain
Citizens being systemically exploited, victims of forced labour and human trafficking
Because of isolation and the ease of deportation, Filipino helpers often don't speak out against exploitation or abuse
Many migrants fall into debt due to overpricing in recruitment agencies (jobs must be secured before departure from PHL)
IMPACTS ON HONG KONG
Crime: systemic exploitation from employers
Lack of monitoring for the FDH laws
Lack of enforcement of the domestic legislation
One of the most densely populated cities in the world; receiving immigrants adds to this
Unable to support the masses of immigrants
Criticised for leaving workers susceptible to domestic abuse
Massive increases in low-wage manufactoring labours caused an economic boom in the 20th century
This caused an increase in dual-income families and eventually a higher demand for domestic helpers. The Philippines introduced laws to meet this demand and the numbers of migrant workers have been increasing since.
Blurry lines between life and work
Deprivation of basic human rights