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PART 1. B. POWER, DOMINATION AND LEGITIMACY (4. Political power…

- - - - Arché:
        
        The person(s) who command
      - Kratein:
        
        It is the power over someone. > a relationship of power between people.
    - - Potestas:
        
        The collective capacity for action. the ability of a person or a thing to affect others through communication and action
      - Auctoritas:
        
        Religious origin: the authority of the Gods on the people --> they had plain authority over them.
    - - Macht:
        
        Power and strength → understood as force
      - Herrschaft:
        
        Domination. it implies institutionalization, as it induces automatic obedience
- - - - Political science uses two concepts to answer the question:
        
        Legitimacy
        
        Constraint
  - - - Why do individuals show « a minimum of will to obey »? There are 4 main reasons :
        
        For emotional reasons
        
        For material reasons
        
        By simple habits
        
        By ideal
- - - - Etienne De La Boétie: The habit of servitude by the people which explains why the domination is perpetuated. The « secret of all domination » is to involve the dominated in their own domination.
      - Lukes' definition of what makes domination last:
        
        You involve people in their own domination and change their beliefs and representations.
- - - - Internal dimension
      - The definition of collective life and values that unify the political community.
      - External dimension
      - The state has the power to arbitrate: it can pacify social turmoils and divergence so as to build peace within the community.
  - - - The power of command and its means
        
        Adopting the behavior that is prescribed to him/her.
        
        Refusing the order by risking punishment.
      - The power of influence and its means
        
        Voluntarily adopting the suggested behavior in order to obtain an advantage.
        
        Refusing this behavior and renouncing the benefit that could derived from it.
  - - - Those who hold it define the prerogatives and limits of all powers exercised in society
      - It may legitimately result in sanctions
      - Political power is exercised on the whole of society.