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Methods of immobilizing enzymes (Surface immobilization - absorption to…
Methods of immobilizing enzymes
Surface immobilization - absorption to inorganic carriers, e.g. cellulose, silica, carbon nanotubes, and polyaacylamide gel
Advantages -
simple and cheap to do
can be used with many different processes
enzymes very accessible to substrate and their activity is virtually unchanged
Disadvantages -
enzymes can be lost from matrix relatively easily
Surface immobilisation - covalent or ionic bonding to inorganic carriers Covalent bonding, eg. carriers with amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl groups Ionic bonding, e.g., polysaccharides such as cellulose, synthetic polymers
Advantages -
cost varies
enzymes strongly bond and therefore unlikely to be lost
enzymes very accessible to substrate
pH and substrate concentration often have little effect on enzyme activity
disadvantages -
costs varies
active site of the enzyme may be modified in process, making it less effective
Entrapment -in matrix, e.g., polysaccharides, gelatin, activated carbon
Advantages -
widely applicable to different processes
Disadvantages -
may be expensive
can be difficult to entrap
diffusion of the substrate to and product from the active site can be slow and hold up the reaction
effects of entrapment on enzyme activity very variable, depending on matrix
Entrapment - membrane entrapment in microcapsules 9 encapsulation 0 or behind a semi- permeable membrane, e.g., polymer-based semi- permeable membranes
Advantages -
relatively simple to do
relatively small effect on enzyme activity
widely applicable to different processes
Disadvantages -
relatively expensive
diffusion of the substrate to and product from the active site can be slow and hold up the reaction