- Meaning
component of the word through which a concept is communicated, so that a word denotes real objects, qualities, actions and abstract notions
Ogden, Richard's Triangle, meaning is the combination of
symbol or the word (is not meaning, because different languages have different words for one concept and similar words for different concepts - homonymy, caught-кот, три - tree)
concept or reference (not meaning, result of generalization and abstraction)
referent or object (is not meaning, because we have more than one word for one concept)
Traditional approach
G. Leech
Lexical
Grammatical
Lexico-grammatical
Saussure meaning is the relation between the object or notion named
Descriptive L. Bloomfield meaning is the situation in which the word is uttered.
Russian scholars - realisation of the notion by language system
posesses 2 components
denotative (obligatory), expresses content
connotative (additional)
degree of intensity (like-love-adore)
duration (stare-glance)
emotive (lonely-alone)
evaluative (notorious-celebrated)
causative (shiver-shudder)
manner (stroll-stride-pace)
circumstances (peep-peer)
features (pretty-handsome)
stylistic (girl-girlie)
component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of words
cats, dogs, men - identical plural meaning
boy, boy's, boys' - different frammatical, same lexical
feature according to which definite words are grouped together
approximated in the lexical meaning of generic terms, i.e. words that are called semantically wide, can substitute any word in their class
common/proper
persona'/non-personal
animate-inanimate
countable/uncountable/collective
concrete/abstract
Conceptual meaning or sense – logical, cognitive, or denotative content
Connotative meaning – what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to.
Stylistic meaning – what is communicated of the social circumstances of language use.
Affective meaning – what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.
Reflecting meaning – what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.
Collocative meaning – what is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word.
Thematic meaning – what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis.