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The failure to reach a negotiated settlement, 1646-49 (The Head of…
The failure to reach a negotiated settlement, 1646-49
Although Charles had surrendered to the Scots, he was not prepared to negotiate seriously with his opponents.
Division between parliament's military forces, the Scots and the New Model Army, was reflected in Parliament itself,
Majority of MPs, the Political Presbyterians, had close ties with Scotland's military leaders, while the Political Independents linked to MPs who were NMA officers .
Charles was convinced that his opponents alliance would break down and thus strengthen his own bargaining position.
The Newcastle Propositions, 1646
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The Head of Proposals, 1647
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This suggestion caused the army to become politicised, and it developed into a third factor in negotiations for a settlement
Army gained custody go the king, and presented their own proposals to him.
Head of Proposals waster more moderate document than the Newcastle Propositions, army wanted to establish a lasting stable settlement
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He signed an agreement with the Scots in December 1647, promising to impose Presbyterianism in England for three years in exchange for a Scottish Army
The Second Civil War, 1648
War was short but fiercely contested by both sides. Fairfax put down royalist risings in the south of England, in August Cromell destroyed Scottish army at Preston
Aftermath of the conflict the army leadership the Remonstrance, declaring that the king was guilty of high treason for started Second Civil war
When parliament voted to continue negotiations with the king, troops arrested 45 MPs and excluded a further 186 from the Commons
Trial and execution of Charles I, 1649
Charles was tried by 135 Commissioners. He refused to accept that any court had the power to place a divinely appointed monarch on trial, not answer the charges made against him.
Court found him guilty of all charges, and sentenced him to death. He was executed on 30 January 1649.