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Urban Forms (URBAN FORM - The physical characteristics that make up built…

- - - - Absence rates
      - % in post 16 education
      - % with a degree
      - GCSE Scores
    - - Housing tenure (flat, semi)
      - Council tax band
      - Average property price
      - No. of bedrooms
    - - No. Of car accidents
      - Method of transport
    - - Life expectancy
      - % with decayed, filled or missing teeth
      - Access to doctors surgeries
      - % low birth weight children
    - - Unemployment rate
      - % population in unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled and professional jobs
      - Poverty levels
      - Car ownership
- - - - Most populated ward (10,900) More males, young population (high number under 17 years)
      - Ethnic groups within B+T : Muslim community within the ward (Mosque), ward with the highest BME Number (mixed races) 30%, there has been an increase in the number of Eastern Europeans in last 5 years
      - Housing tenure: Highest % of private rented homes, affordable homes, highest density, lack of developable sites, diverse range of income groups, lower than average % of owner occupation (54%) as well as Social housing (12%) High % of households living rent free (2%)
      - No sign of any new urban landscapes (SECURITY- CCTV, Spikes on walls, or redevelopment)
    - - High deprivation - High % calming working-age benefits, 8.6% claiming unemployment benefits (V.High top 10% of city)
      - Educational achievement - Under 50% of students getting 5 A*-C GCSE’s which is average/low for the whole city (compared to Abbey that has 70%)
      - Average household income (£28,583) Very low
    - - It was shaped around a railway (good transport) there was also a Roman road.
      - To the North, The River Twyver may have been canalised from at least 1224
      - Terraced housing, high density
    - - No evidence of migration (ethnic mix - only one money transfer shop)
      - Many recreational facilities and opens spaces (Climbing centre, Heritage centre)
      - Gloucester quays - redeveloped docks (many museums, heritage areas, shopping centre)
      - Industrial boat repairing building (Dry Dock)
      - Housing tenure: Many flats, Gloucester quays (in old warehouses and above some shops)
- - - - As well as diversify it manufacturing so it doesn’t just focus on one particular market = increases employment
    - - Factors affecting the citys form
        
        Physical
        
        B.A was originally built by the river for trade. Then began to grow but couldn’t grow eastwards (river) or North (Parana delta marshland) So city has grown west on flat grassland.
        
        Human
        
        Main roads have encouraged fast growth off the side of them into rural areas
      - PARANA DELTA
        
        Very flat, lots of greenery
        
        They buy groceries from boats moving and selling from island to island
        
        Delta splitting everywhere making thousands of tiny islands where locals live in big houses on stilts to avoid flooding
      - VILLA 31 + RECOLETA
        
        Recoleta - green space, roads infrastructure = contrast
        
        Villa 31 - Shanty town next to motorway and railway. Not on maps
        
        No sanitation, water, transport, lights
        
        Outsiders don’t like Villa 31 residents - they are associated with drugs and crime
        
        Residents thought of as immigrants (crime)
      - PUERTO MADERO
        
        Main land use is port and docks with many restaurants and shops
        
        Used to be a very old part of the city - has been extensively redeveloped after deindustrialisation = REGENERATION
      - NORDELTA
        
        Gated community = secure and clearly separated resulting in no crime
        
        People living here are first time buyers looking for a modest home rather than the pricy city centre
        
        Houses = bigger than average for B.A, well maintained, swimming pools and private boats on the water
        
        2003 = very empty with some development, lots of space 2016 = houses everywhere, no space (SUBURBANISATION)
    - - 7km SW of Nairobi centre
      - Africas largest slum
      - 60% of Nairobi’s population on 5% of its land
      - 1300 people per formal toilet
      - 1% of houses are built from brick or stone
      - 50% unemployment
      - 700,000 residents, one of the most densely populated settlements in the world = 90,000 people per square km
    - - A consequence of urban growth
      - Urban growths occurs because of rural-urban migration and natural increase (high birth rates, low death rates)