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Germany1918-39 (The Weimar Republic (Golden Age (Affordable food, wages,…

- - - - People wanted a republic
      - US president Wilson persuaded Kaiser to abdicate, 14 point plan
      - Workers took over cities, soldiers refused orders, soldiers mutinied and took over kiel
    - - Article 48 permanent emergency, president elected every 7 years, chancellor is chosen by the president, president has full control of the army, Reichstag is elected every 4 years and can make laws, Reichstat can't make laws but can approve, Voters vote for reichstag and president
      - Strengths-equal distribution of power, got what you voted for, no re-elections, democratic, men and women over 20yrs can vote
      - Weaknesses-bad parties could have power, torn government, majority needed, German's disliked republic
- - - - Reichstag Fire
        
        The Reichstag fire was commited (although not proved) by a communist when they snuck into the reichstag, set it on fire, and then addmitted he was the cause. this is what made hitler able to prosecute all the communists running against him in the elections.
        
        Hitler managed to persuade Hindenburg to pass a decree allowing the Nazis to ignore basic human rights and arrests all the communists. this gives Hitler a boost in votes since one political party has be eradicated.
        
        Occurred on the 27th of February 1933; one month before the elections that were going to tell him if the Nazi party were going to have majority vote
        
        A week after the party over 4,000 communists were arrested by the Nazis and either killed on the spot or taken to concentration camps. the Nazis also killed 51 people whom opposed their regime and injured several hundred more.
      - Night Of The Long Knives
        
        What was it?
        
        The Night of the long knives was an incident which was caused by Hitler to remove any opposition to him in his personal army (the SA or the Sturmabteilung). this was for a number of reasons. 1) the removal of the leaders of the SA was needed in order to win the support of the army, the second most important role inside of the old Weimar constitution's government (2) Hitler saw the SA as a threat during his first months as chancellor (3) The SA were hoping that Hitler would add reforms to help the worker class.
        
        The event actually took place on June 30th 1934 when Hitler and the SS (hitler's personal guards) advanced on a hotel where Rohm and other leaders of the SA were staying for the weekend after getting a tip about Rohm seizing power. When Hitler got there he found the leaders engaging in homosexual activities with some of the members. Hitler arrested some of them including Rohm whilst other soldiers and leaders were shot there. Hitler couldn't bring himself to kill Rohm himself; so he offered rohm to take his own life in an hour otherwise an SS member woul do it. Rohm refused to take his own life. Hitler also foud this as an opportunity to take revenge on political opposition such as Kurt Von Schleicher whom was the one to tell Hindenburg to not allow Hitler as chancellor and later telling him that Hitler could be controlled. He was shot outside his own house. Around 400 people died that nigh
        
        What was it's Impact?
        
        This is often seen as a turning point for Hitler's rule showing that fear and terror would play the main role. He also gained the support of the army for getting rid of the SA leaders.
      - Enabling act
        
        In the election of march 1933 the Nazis gained 288 seats in the Reichstag. even though this happened they still did not have majority vote. this caused them to have to join with the National party (the DNVP)
        
        The enabling act was a statement given by Hitler to be passed. this would guarantee more power for him and his party than even the president had. This would allow him to pass rules and acts without consulting the Reichstag first.
        
        The Enabling act became law on the 24th of march 1933. this marked the end of the Weimar constitution and any democracy held. This act was renewed in 1937 and 1941
      - Removal of opposition: Trade unions, Banning of political parties and the abolition of the Lander
        
        The end of trade unions occurred on the second of may 1933 and along with it, it brought down some jobs. The Nazi Germany Labour Front (DAF) were set up to replace trade unions and employer's group. strikes were outlawed and any dissenters were sent to the new concentration camp. (the first concentration camp was opened in march 1933).
        
        The banning of the political parties happened because Hitler limited what the other parties could do inside the government. the banning also happened because Hitler banned any new parties from being formed. the communists were not allowed to take their seats in the Reichstag and after a while their properties were confiscated. eventually the socialists gave up their seats in the Reichstag after their headquarters and properties were confiscated in June 1933. after these two parties disintegrated, so did the rest. Germany turned into a one party state.
        
        The Lander were 18 different districts of Germany that were each run by their own parliaments. this was a problem for previous Presidents because they refused to accept laws made in the Reichstag. Hitler thought this was a major problem so he said that the Lander were to be run by Reich governors and It's parliaments were abolished.