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Demography (Impacts of changing birth and death rates (A decline in the…
Demography
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Birth rate - the number of live births per thousand of the population per year.
Fewer babies are being born. In 2013 698,512 babies were born, meaning that the birth rate was 9.2.
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Total fertility rate - the average number of children women have during their fertile years. As there are less babies being born then that means the TFR has also declined.
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Death rate - the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year. The death rate has fallen in the UK from 19 to 8 between 1900 and 2015.
A falling death rate has therefore increased life expectancy.
In 1901 the life expectancy for males was 45 and females was 49.
In 2005 it was 77 for males and 81 years for females.
The Office for National Statistics puts UK life expectancy 79.4 years for men and 83.1 years for women in 2017.
Therefore producing an ageing population.
An ageing population affects society in different ways,
- It's more difficult for younger generations to secure full time or permanent jobs as people are working for longer because they are living longer.
- Is we have introduced a dependency ratio for older generations as people are living longer and so will require care for longer by families or other institutions.
- It can also cause housing issues as society needs more housing to accommodate for new home owners and older generations.