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OSI LAYERS (1.PHYSICAL LAYER (CABLE (RG-58 coaxial cable (thinwire(max…
OSI LAYERS
1.PHYSICAL LAYER
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CABLE
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RG-11 coaxial cable
thickwire
10base5 operation
as a backbone cable
for distribute ethernet signal through a building, an office complex
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UTP cable
10 baseT,100baseT,1000baseT
used with hub,switch, and other 10/100baseT equipment
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2.DATA LINK LAYER
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To perform selective forwarding, the switch maintains a table called the MAC table
EXAMPLE 
3.Network Layer
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When on a TCP/IP connection the network layer also performs something called fragmentation, this this divides the segments it receives from the transport layer into smaller packets
4.TRANSPORT LAYER
Ensures the reliable arrival of messages and provides error checking mechanisms and data flow controls
Manages flow control, which is the appropriate rate of transmission based on recipients ability to receive data
Clients TCP protocol sends out a synchronization packet request for a connection to the server. the server will return a Synchronization acknowledgement packet, once that is received the client will return another acknowledgement back to the server, this three step process will confirm the connection.
Not all protocols use syn packets, making them more efficient, these are known as connectionless protocols. Sending information without confirmation of connection.
On the receiving side, the Transport layer uses a process called Reassembly, which puts all the segments back together into usable piece of data
5.SESSION LAYER
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Determines if communications have been cutoff, and also figuring out how to reconnect them if they have been disconnected
EXAMPLE
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