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Renal (Most common causes of renal disease (Glomerular (Glomerulonephritis…
Renal
Most common causes of renal disease
Glomerular
Glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndrome
tubular
acute tubular necrosis
myeloma kidney
hypercalcaemia
polycystic kidneys
Post - renal
malignancy
calculi
congenital abnormalities
prostatic disease
interstitial
acute drug induced interstitial nephritis
analgesic abuse
Pre-renal
Vol depletion by GIT
congestive heart failure
hepatic cirrhosis
renal artery stenosis
non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
Glomerular filtration rate
measured by measuring the rate of excretion of a substance that is freely filtered but neither absorbed or secreted by renal tubules
Inulin can be used
cannot be measured directly
Creatinine is used as inulin not good clinically
Disease (presentation)
Symptoms directly related to urinary tract:
flank pain
red urine
symptoms induced by renal disease:
odema
hypertension
Asymptomatic:
discovered wen routine lab tests show plasma creatinine levels high
Disease Classification
Pre - renal
reduced renal perfusion is primary abnormality
intrinsic-renal
glomerular, vascular or tubulointerstitial disorders
Post - renal
Obstruction at site in urinary tract
Function of kidney
Primary
Regulation of plasma ionic composition
regulation of plasma volume
regulation of plasma osmolarity
regulation of acid base composition
Removal of metabolic waste
Secondary
Gluconeogenesis
Endocrine