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Ch.8 Political Geography (How is space politically organized into states…

- - - - he was overthrown in 1966 and died in 1972
- - - - A nation-state is a politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space
        
        people began to see the idea of the nation-state as the ultimate form of political-territorial organization.
    - - Benedict Anderson defines the nation as an imagined community
  - - - state with more than one nation inside its borders
        
        nearly every state in the world is a multinational state
      - multistate nation
        
        when a nation stretches across borders and across states it is called a multistate nation
    - - one large example of a stateless nation is the Kurds; they cover parts of 6 states
  - - - examples: North America, north and western Europe, Australia, Japan
    - - examples: mainly in Africa but otherwise scattered throughout the world
    - - examples: South America, middle east, Aisia
- - - - most federal systems are somewhere in between
    - - every devolution lies on a coast or on a border
      - regions that are most likely to seek devolution are those far from the national capital; many are separated by water, deserts, or mountains.
      - the United States most serious devolution pressure is Hawai'i wanting to become independent.
- - - - then a cartographer creates the boundaries by drawing them on a map
    - - There are four principal forms of boundary disputes
        
        locational boundary disputes center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary
        
        sometimes the language of a boundary treaty is vague enough to allow mapmakers to change the line in various ways
        
        operational boundary disputes involve neighbors who differ over the way their border should function
        
        if one state wants to limit migration and the other doesn't dispute may rise
        
        definitional boundary disputes focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
        
        such as high and low water levels can change the boundary hundreds of meters
        
        allocational boundary disputes are ones involving oil and or gas pipelines crossing over borders
        
        oil reserves under the sea floor below coastal waters sometimes lie in areas where the exact boundary delimitation may be difficult to debate