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Unit 1.3 - Digestive system + digestion (Order of digestive system (rectum…
Unit 1.3 - Digestive system + digestion
Food groups
Carbohydrates
High in energy
made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
sugar + starch = main example
excess sugar = type 2 diabetes + tooth decay
Fruit and veg
vitamins and minerals
vitamin C - essential for healthy tissue
iron = vegetable = haemoglobin for red blood cells
sodium needed by nervous system
excess sodium can lead to high blood pressure
Calcium and fats
Used as energy and insulation
can lead to obesity
made from the joining of glycerol and fatty acids
sugar
found in everything
carbohydrates - potato, pasta, rice
Proteins
needed for growth and repair
large molecule made up from amino acids
Order of digestive system
Mouth
saliva breaks down food
food smell triggers salivary glands to secrete saliva
Pharynx/ oesophagus
recieves food from mouth
carries food to the stomach
Stomach
hollow organ filled with hydrochloric acid
food molecules enter blood stream
liver
produces bile
processes blood containing nutrients
gall bladder
stores excess bile
bile awaits signal from intestine that food is present
pancreas
adds other chemicals (enzymes and insulin)
enzymes break down protein, carbs and fat
small intestine
takes contents of stomach
large intestine
stores remains of undigested food
removes water + harmful bacteria
rectum
absorbs water
sends sensor message to brain
produces waste not chemicals
anus
pelvic floor and two anal sphincters
internal and external
Villi
Very small folds of the lining of the small intestine
each vilus has its own network of capillaries
transport small soluble nutrients (amino acids, glucose etc...) to the liver
Fatty acids and glycerol will mainly enter the lymphatic system where they will enter the blood supply later on
Test for food types
Sugar
Benedicts test
blue > green > orange >red
Protein
Biurets test
purple
Starch
Iodine test
black
Fats and oils
Emulsion test
cloudy/milky
fats - broken down into glycerol and fatty acids
proteins - broken down into amino acids
carbohydrates - broken down into glucose