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H O M E O S T A S I S (what? (maintenance of a constant internal…

- - - - body temperature decreases beyond norm
        
        erector muscle
        
        contract
        
        hair erector muscles contract
        
        hair shafts 'stand up', trapping an insulating layer of warm air over skin
        
        metabolic rate
        
        increases
        
        rate of metabolic activities increase
        
        sweat gland
        
        decreased production of sweat
        
        sweat glands become less active
        
        less sweat produced
        
        less latent heat of vapourisation removed (when sweat evaporates)
        
        shivering
        
        reflex contraction of body muscles which increase release of heat, help raise body temp back to normal (shivering)
        
        arterioles
        
        vasoconstriction
        
        arterioles constrict
        
        less blood flows to capillaries
        
        less heat is lost from skin (by radiation convection and conduction)
        
        body temperature
        
        increases back to norm
        
        negative feedback sent to control centre via receptors to stop further corrective action
      - body temperature increases beyond norm
        
        erector muscle
        
        relax
        
        hair erector muscles relax
        
        hair shafts lie flat, air circulates over skin, heat removed
        
        metabolic rate
        
        decreased MR, less heat released
        
        rate of metabolic activities slow down
        
        sweat gland
        
        increased production of sweat
        
        sweat glands become more active
        
        more sweat produced
        
        more latent heat of vapourisation removed (when sweat evaporates)
        
        shiver
        
        animals fluff up their hair by contraction of muscles surrounding the hair on the cold day
        
        layer of still air trapped between hairs become thicker, longer time taken for heat loss
        
        arterioles
        
        vasodilation
        
        arterioles dilate
        
        more blood flows to capillaries
        
        more heat is lost from skin (by radiation convection and conduction)
        
        body temperature
        
        decreases back to norm
        
        negative feedback sent to control centre via receptors to stop further corrective action
- - - - immediate surrounding which most
        of the living cells of the body are directly
        exposed to extracellular fluid
    - - the environment in which the
        organism lives where the conditions
        fluctuate beyond organism's control
- - - - protective outercovering
        
        excretory organ
        
        temperature regulator
        
        sense organ
        
        vitamin D synthesis