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gene (karyotype (Mutations (Somatic and gametic mutation (Non inherited…

- - - - Non inherited (somatic)
        
        occur in the body cells
      - Inherited (gametic)
        
        occur in the gametes
    - - • Harmful: e.g. Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, Albinism
        • Beneficial e.g.: Tolerance to high cholesterol
        Development of pesticide resistance in insects
        • Neutral: no effect
    - - • Harmful: elimination of poorly adapted organisms.
        • Beneficial: exhibit greater “fitness” hence live longer.
        • Neutral: may have benefit/harm in the future.
    - - substitutions
        insertions
    - - Deletion
        Inversion
        Duplication
        Translocation