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MUSSEL BIOLOGY & CULTIVATION (MORPHOLOGY (LAYER (Pristamic(middle) …
MUSSEL
BIOLOGY & CULTIVATION
INTRO
Spain
top producer
1st known as fouling to oyster
Perna viridis
=green, tropical
Mytilus edulis
= blue, temperate
P
: Mollusca
C
: Bivalvia
O
: Mytiloida
F
: Mytilidae
G
: Perna
HABITAT
habitat
>10m depth
feeding
filter feeder, feed small zoo/phtyoplankton
reproduction
separate sex, fertilise external, spawn twice/year (early spring & late autumn, matured 15-30mm shell length.
life span
3 year (8-16cm long)
18-33ppt
,
11-32°C
DISTRIBUTION
:!: coastal area Indopacific,
littoral
zone
:!: marine except Unionoida
:!: grow on
subtidal rock
, piling,boat
:!: slow moving, sit on bottom, burrow in sand@ mud
:warning: China, Spain, Netherland, Denmark, Italy
MORPHOLOGY
BASIC
:red_flag: hinge ligament
:red_flag: conchiolin(protein)
:red_flag: outer mantle ~secrete shell, control in-flow water
:red_flag: inner mantle ~energy storage, rep., bulk of tissue
LAYER
Pristamic
(middle)
thick, chalky, CaCO3
Nacreous
(inner)
thin,shiny, hard, CaCO3 crysta sheet reflect&bend light
Periostracium
(outer)
thin, green, protect
CIRCULATION SYS
.
2 pair gill
~ respiration & obtain food
h20
move in the gill, out the exhalant chamber
foot
~locomotion
byssal thread
~ produce by: byssal gland secreted harden
adductor muscle
~ hold shell close
*retractor muscle
~ enable foot move all direction
GONAD
:+1: form in inner mantle & main body(mesosoma)
:+1: immature ~creamy color
:+1: mature ♀ ~reddish orange
:+1: mature ♂ ~creamy white
REP. SYS
:pencil2: gamete --> water column
:pencil2: developd larvae --> 2 week
:pencil2: juvenile--> settling in benthic
:memo:: sex maturity 2-3 month age, 15-30mm length
:memo: month ~4-5, 9-10
:memo: detect other sperm/egg ->stimulate to spawn
SHELL/BODY
GROWTH
SHELL
affect by temp, salinity, food, disturbance, competition
BODY
affect by season
CULTURE
WHY?
:star: rapid growth, high fecundity
:star: no high technique
:star: skillfull labour
:star: min investment
:star: local/export market
ASPECT
SITE
:check: well protected, natural mussel spat presence, accessible :police_car:/ :rowboat: , rich in plankton, clean, no pollution
:red_cross: strong wind/wave, catchment basin(flood)
WATER CONDITION
27-30°C, 24-33 ppt, 17-25cm/sec (water current), 25-35cm/sec (flood tide), >2m depth
LIFE
CYCLE
sperm
+
ovum
Trochopore
Larvae
Viliger
Larvae
Juvenile
Mature adult