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Physics Section 5: Solids, Liquids and Gasses (A (Units (kelvin (K), joule…
Physics Section 5: Solids, Liquids and Gasses
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B
Density and Pressure
p= m/V
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Using a set mass of one object (eg 100g of water) change the space its in (eg 200ml cylinder taking ten off the ml each time.) Use the formula mass/volume to find the density, it will go up as the volume decreases.
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If you have a gas or liquid, it will be exerting an equal pressure in all directions.
C
Change Of state
State Changes
Solid/ liquid
Particles in a solid don't move; but if they are heated they gain energy and move, if they move enough they will become a liquid because the particles will bounce off each other moving them further apart.
liquid/ gas
Similarly, a liquids particles have some energy, but if they gain more they will bounce off each other more frequently moving them further apart; eventually they are far enough apart that it is a gas.
Atomic arangement
Solid: low energy; little movement, vibrating on the spot
Liquid: some energy; some movement; particles collide, bouncing apart and creating space between particles
Gas: lots of energy; lots of movement; particles collide a lot, bouncing apart more creating lots of space between particles
D
Ideal Gas Molecules
Brownian Motion
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Particle theory says that as particles move about (randomly) they collide, when they collide with a surface the exert a pressure on the surface (like air keeping a balloon inflated.)
Molecules and containers
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When the collide with a surface, they exert pressure on it.
For example air particles collide with the surface of a balloon, the pressure the exert keeps the balloon inflated.
Absolute zero
Heat is energy, the more energy the more heat. If something were to have no energy it would be 'absolute zero'.
Zero in Celsius is the freezing point of water, 'absolute zero' is -273°C
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Temperature/ speed
If you increase the temperature of something, you increase the energy levels in it. The molecules of it will then have more kinetic energy- this means they will be travelling faster.
Pressure/ temperature
As Kelvin increase, energy increases.
As the energy of something increases, its particles will move faster and with more force.
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So if a gas has its kelvin increased, it will exert more force on the container its in, meaning the pressure will go up.
If volume and mass are kept the same, then increasing one will increase the other in direct proportion.
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