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Germany & Rival Blocs 1948-55 (The 'Thaw' 1953-55 (Reasons…
Germany & Rival Blocs 1948-55
Division of Germany
The Second London Conference 1948
Britain, USA, France agreed to create West Germany
Constitution was written
International Ruhr Authority formed
Currency reform - Deutschmark
Berlin Blockade, June 1948-May 1949
Strengthened Western allies' determination
Failure led to USSR setting up East Germany in October 1949
Western allies remained in West Berlin
Rearmament of Western Europe 1948-52
Western Action
Prague coup by Communists in February 1948 and the Berlin Blockade led to the Brussels Pact, March 1948
Formation of NATO, April 1949
European Defense Community created a supranational European army, May 1952
Reasons
USSR successfully tested atomic bomb, August 1949
Chinese Communist Revolution, October 1949
Outbreak of Korean War, June 1950
Consolidation of Rival Blocs
Western Europe
Military integration:
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
EDC talks
Economic integration:
Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), set up in 1948 to administer the Marshall Plan
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) regulated production and distribution in West Germany
Eastern Europe
Cominform 1947 - co-ordinated Communist activities
COMECON 1949 - attempted to control economy
Bilateral treaties helped unify
USSR intervention:
Leader regularly summoned to Moscow
Soviet ambassadors
Stalin cult
Armed forces had Soviet equipment, uniform, etc.
The 'Thaw' 1953-55
Reasons
Stalin's death
New leadership wanted to concentrate on domestic reform
General desire for peace in Western Europe
Possible German settlement
GDR Uprising,
June 1953
USSR gave up on German reunification
West German integration into Western Europe strengthened
FRG joined NATO and rearmed, May 1955
Warsaw Pact, May 1955
Geneva Conference, 1955
USSR agreed to evacuate Austria
No agreement on Germany, disarmament, etc.