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The Sixties (60's) (Avant-Garde ("Free Jazz", "New…
The Sixties (60's)
Avant-Garde
"Free Jazz"
"New Thing"
Nontempered Intonation
Rejected fundamental Jazz traditions
Altered role for rhythm section
Absence of steady pulse or meter
Freer formal structures
Unusual instrument sounds
Free Jazz
Ornette Coleman
(Saxophone)
Music was controversial
Absence of harmonic structure
Emulated human voice with instrument
Harmolodics
Influenced Avant-Garde
John Coltrane
Tenor Saxophone
Endless practicing & studying
1955-1960 (Hard-bop & "Sheets of Sound")
Harmonic Superimposition
1960-1965 (Classic quartet & modal compositions)
Pedal Point
Motivic Cell
Ostinato
1965-1967 (Avant-Garde)
Multiphonics
Sound Fields
Avant-Garde Jazz & Black Activism
Civil Right Act of 1964
Archie Shepp (Tenor Saxophone)
Albert Ayler (Tenor Saxophone)
Struggle for equality & recognition of black achievement
Cecil Taylor
(Piano)
Dissonant & Athletic Style
Sun Ra
"Intergalactic Music"
Electric keyboards & synthesizers
AACM (Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians)
Chicago school
Art Ensemble of Chicago
Anthony Braxton
Black Artists Group & World Saxophone Quartet
Sponsored Musical & Multimedia Performances
Pianists
Bill Evans
Elastic Meter
Herbie Hancock
Chick Corea
Keith Jarrett
ECM Records
Fender Rhodes Electric Piano
All played with Miles Davis
Funky/Soul Jazz
Cannonball Adderley
(Alto Saxophone)
"Blues-based" & Gospel Music
Jimmy Smith (Jazz Organist)
Guitarists
Wes Montgomery
Kenny Burrell
George Benson