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CHAPTER 5 LISTENING AND CRITICAL THINKING (Ways to Become a Better…
CHAPTER 5 LISTENING AND CRITICAL THINKING
The Process of Listening
Attention
Selective Attention : The sustained focus we give to stimuli we deem important
Automatic Attention : The instinctive focus we give to stimuli signaling a change in our surroundings, stimuli that we deem important, or stimuli that we perceive to signal danger
Working Memory
Short-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Barriers to Listening
Noise
Physical distractions
Mental distractions
Multitasking
Factual distractions
Semantic distractions
Perception of Others
Status
Stereotypes
Sight and sounds
Yourself
Egocentrism
Experiential superiority
Personal bias
Pseudolistening
Ways to Become a Better Listener
Recognize Differences in Listening
Listen and Think Critically
First-person Observation : An observation based on something you personally have sensed
Second-person Observation : A report of what another person observed
Use Nonverbal Communication Effectively
Use Verbal Communication Effectively
Check Your Understanding
Effective Listening in Different Situations
Listening in The Workplace
Listening in The Classroom
Written outlines
Words or phrases
Verbal importance cues
Semantic cues
Organizational Cues
Nonverbal cues
Listening To Media
Listening in A Second Language