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Understanding Groups and Managing Work Teams (The major concepts of group…
Understanding Groups and Managing Work Teams
Group
Description
Two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals
The stages of group development
Complex issue
Groups don't always proceed sequentially from one stage to the next.
Don't assume all groups precisely follow this process or that performing is always the most preferable stage.
Under some conditions,high levels of conflict are conducive to high levels of group performance.
5 Stages
Storming stage
The second stage of group development,which is characterized by intragroup conflict
Norming stage
The third stage of group development,which is characterize by close relationships and cohesiveness
Forming stage
The first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group's purpose,structure,and leadership
Performing stage
The fourth stage of group development,when the group is fully functional and works on the group task
Adjourning stage
The final stage of group development for temporary groups,during which groups prepare to disband
Formal groups
Example of formal work groups
Command groups
Task groups
Cross-functional teams
Self-managed teams
Description
Formal groups are work groups that are defined by the organization's structure and have designated work assignments and specific tasks directed at accomplishing organizational goals.
Informal groups
Social groups
The major concepts of group behavior
Roles
Behavior patterns expected of someone who occupies a given position in a social unit
Norms
Effort and performance
Dress codes
Acceptable standards shared by a group's members
Conformity
Adjusting one's behavior to align with a group's norms
Status systems
A prestige grading,position,or rank within a group and an important factor in understanding behavior
Group size
Large group
Find facts
Gain diverse input
Problem solving
Drawbacks of large groups
Social loafing
Small group
Figure out what to do
Get job done
Complete tasks faster
Group cohesiveness
The degree to which members are attracted to one another and share the group's goals
Groups turn into effective teams
Groups versus Teams
Accountability
Synergy
Goal
Skills
Different types
Self-managed work team
A type of work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment
Problem-solving teams
A team from the same department or functional area that's involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems
Cross-functional team
A work team composed of individuals from various specialties
Virtual team
A type of work team that uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal
Making a team effective
Team effectiveness model
Composition
Abilities of members
Personality
Allocating roles
Diversity
Size of teams
Member flexibility
Member preferences
Work design
Skill variety
Task identity
Autonomy
Task significance
Context
Leadership and structure
Climate of trust
Adequate resources
Performance evaluation and reward systems
Process
Common purpose
Specific goals
Team efficacy
Conflict levels
Social loafing
Contemporary issues
Global teams
Drawbacks
Stereotyping
Communication problems
Mistrusting team members
Stress and tension
Disliking team members
Benefits
Greater diversity of ideas
Limited groupthink
Increased attention on understanding others' ideas,perspectives
Team composition factors
Team structure factors
Team processes factors
Whether work is better done individually or by a group?
Does the work create a common purpose or set of goals for the people in the group that's more than the sum of individual goals?
Whether teams or individuals are better suited for doing work is to look at the interdependence of the individuals?
Can the work be done better by more than one person?