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TO WHAT EXTENT HAD THE RADICALS TRIUMPHED BY JANUARY 1793? (The Creation…
TO WHAT EXTENT HAD THE RADICALS TRIUMPHED BY JANUARY 1793?
The Creation of the National Convention
Deputies who had supported a constitutional monarchy fled or went into hiding, this left the remaining radical deputies to hold a majority.The deputies imprisoned the royal family
The LA also placed Danton as the minister of justice and introduced several radical laws, including the deportation of any remaining refractory priests and the sale of all émigré land
The rioters overran the Assembly demanding the king’s imprisonment, recognition of the Revolutionary Commune, and the election of a new assembly under universal male suffrage
Despite his flee to the LA, the deputies could not protect Louis
As a result, when the National Convention (NC) met on 21st September 1792 it was far more left wing were radical Jacobins or Cordeliers, including, Robespierre, Marat, Danton, Desmoulins and Collot d’Herbois
But the NC was dominated by two main groups, the Jacobins and the Girondins, with the Jacobins numbering 300 out of the 749 and the Girondin around 150
The main difference was that the Girondin opposed the brutality of the sans-culottes, while the Jacobins proclaimed that the people were the revolution
On 21st September the NC abolished the monarchy, France was declared a republic, and King Louis XVI became Louis Capet
The September Massacres
In September 1792, Verdun fell to the Prussian, this sparked further panic within Paris and all across France
The sans-culottes reacted by hunting out anyone who might have betrayed the revolution killing roughly 1,400, in prisons, as this was where refractory priests, politicians, and aristocrats had been held
Political Consequences
Leading Jacobins actively encouraged the violence by refusing to condemn the bloodshed, with Robespierre seeing it as part of the revolutionary process
Political reaction was divided, with some truing a blind eye, such as minister for justice Danton, failing to take any action to stop the violence
This resulted in growing support for the Girondins who opposed the violence
Further Girondin Gains
On 20th September 1792, France’s military prospects changed, due a series of victories that resulted in the conquering of the Austrian Netherlands, and in the south.
This further boosted support for Brissot and the Girodins, as they had been behind the call for war in the beginning
The Trial and Execution of Louis
Louis’ Trial began on the 10th December, but Louis’ defence was patchy at best, with letters written to the Austrian royal family used as evidence.Hoping to expose traitors, Marat insisted that the deputies make their votes public
While both the Jacobins and the Girondins demanded the trial and imprisonment of Louis, the Jacobins went further and called for his execution
In the end, 361 voted in favor of execution compared to 319 against.On 21st January 1793, Louis Capet was publically executed