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New Religious Movements (NRM) (dominated by aspirational middle class…
New Religious Movements (NRM)
based on
self-improvement
New Age
Global
Unity
Man with Nature
Man must get in tune with nature and learn to nurture it and be nurtured by it
Man with God
to fully realize our own goodness
Man with Man
to achieve harmony and mutual love and acceptance
monism
New Age is a message (the message of self-improvement) or style of life rather than a beliefs system.
Cultic milieu
permanent feature of society which is based on curiosity of individuals who are exploring different approaches to life
"society of seekers"
Jediism
inspired by Star Wars
Jedi believe in the Force, a specific energy that flows through all things and binds the universe together
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has its roots in the 1980s,
spirituality
In general, it includes a sense of connection to something bigger than ourselves, and it typically involves a search for meaning in life.
free-flowing,decentralised, spiritual movement
heterogeneous movement of individuals
no formal membership
no cental organization
no church
no holy text
Church of Scientology
men as an immortal spiritual being
humans have hidden abilities which haven't yet been fully realized
favourite 'Hollywood's religion'
believes in past lives
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'studying the knowledge’
product of
secularization
contemporary trend in world society
religion loses social and cultural significance
Religious practices decline quicker than religious beliefs
"alternative" movements gain significance
the way religion is organised has changed
dominated by aspirational middle class
human need of belongingness
guarantee of self-improvement
more important than material needs
decline of world religions and simultaneously - negative associations connected with ‘sects’ and ‘cults’
economic, political, and social changes
after 1989, hundreds of NRMs swept into Eastern Europe
Unification Church
beliefs derive from the Christian Bible
God is the Creator and Heavenly Parent, whose dual nature combines both masculinity and femininity
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accept life choices
popular among young people
feel a sense of anomie towards the traditional religions and are not able to compromise with controversial issues of modern society
Rainbow Family
peace and love on Earth
no formalized membership
no official leaders
non comercialism
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They are 'religious' in that they claim to
offer a religious vision of the world, and to respond to the fundamental questions of life
some derive from traditional religions
Krishna Consciousness
it would be difficult to understand it without knowing something of the Hindu tradition
state of awareness in which an individual acts in complete harmony with the Divine or the ultimate reality of Krishna.
It is a form of Bhakti yoga (or devotional service) in which the purpose is to devote one's thoughts, actions and worship to pleasing Krishna, who some consider to be the supreme god
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feature of late modernity
modern societies tend to go away from traditional world religions
They are 'new' in that they present
themselves as alternatives to official institutional religion.
why are NRM attractive for these people?