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The Breakdown of the Grand Alliance 1945-47 (Reasons (British economic…
The Breakdown of the Grand Alliance 1945-47
Transition from war to peace 1945-46
Potsdam Conference
Agreements
German demilitarisation
Denazification
Punishment of war criminals
Council of Ministers
Disagreements
Reparations
Poland's western border
Powers of the Allied Control Commision
The United Nations
August 1944 Dumbarton Oaks Conference
USA-USSR disagreements
Membership of UN Assembly
Powers of Security Council
Atomic Energy Commision
Germany June 1945 - April 1947
Climate of fear in the Soviet Zone
Almagation of SPD and KPD to create Socialist Unity Party (SED), March 2946
Disagreement over reparations
Bizonia - 1947 amalgamation of British and US zones
Breakdown of Moscow Conference
Truman Doctrine March 1947
Offered US support to countries resisting Communism
Stressed need to improve European economic conditions
Reasons
Britain unable to defend eastern Mediterranean
Communist uprising in Greece
The Marshall Plan
Offer of aid package
Funds distributed by a supranational organisation
Accepted by Western Europe
Rejected by USSR, which set up Cominform to co-ordinate Communist states
The 'Iron Curtain'
Eastern Europe
Poland: Communist-dominated electoral bloc won January 1947 elections
Romania: Communists in control by March 1946
Bulgaria: Communist enemies liquidated
Yugoslavia: Tito's Communist Party is dominant
Hungary & Czechoslovakia: No longer a 'bridge' to the West by December 1947
Western Europe
France: Communists expelled from coalition in May 1947
Italy: Communists expelled from government, May 1947
Finland - neutral
Reasons
British economic weakness in eastern Mediterranean and Germany
Germany - lack of agreement on reparations and reconstruction
Polish question
Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan
'Papering over the cracks' at Potsdam